Supply and Demand and Barr S Product

Analysis the advantages and disadvantages to Barr’s of its product mix. (10’) A. G. Barr is a traditional company mainly operated soft drinks. Product mix of A. G. Barr can be categories into two parts: one is Barr’s Own Brands and one is Barr’s Franchise Brands. Advantages of Barr’s Product Mix: Through the case study, A. G. Barr Company has suffered fierce competition and finally becomes a historied company. It has sophisticated distribution channel which can help company save the cost and easier to gain economics of scale. b) the demand for barr’s product is probably price elastic. Explain how this may influence the way in which barr’s markets it product. (5’) Definition of â€Å"the price elasticity of demand†: price elasticity is a kind of measurement which used to measure sensitivity of changes in quantity demanded in response to the changes of price. And for A. G. Barr, the main product, Irn-Bru, is a kind of produ ct which its price elastic to demand, in other word means coefficient elastic > 1. We find that few companies are involved in soft drinks industry. So A. G. Barr is in oligopoly market.Due to the special character of oligopoly market, Irn-Bru is a convenient product, easily influenced by price factors and sensitive to the changes of price, either competitor’s price or itself. Market activities: Pricing activities: price policy: due to the character of Irn-Bru, price elastic to demand, using lower price strategy to enhance the sale could help company to increase turnover. Through the case study, during 2001 and 2002, the rate of exchange between Euro and Pound has changed. The Euro has depreciated which made import becoming cheaper than buy local products. The A. G. Barr Company reduced 30% of price for the wholesalers.Though the appendix six, the turnover of 2002 is higher than turnover of 2001. This action has efficient increase the turnover and makes the market share ste ady. Promotion: A. G. Barr Company has large investment focus on promotion. Through the case study: Robin Barr said: â€Å"we remain convinced, however, that the continuing investment in our brands will produce for A. G. Barr the optimum long term growth. † This shows that company pays more attention on building brand awareness and loyalty, try to make product different from others, known as differentiation. It would decrease the elasticity of demand. Benefits of reducing elasticity: Company could reduce uncertainty of Irn-Bru demand and risk, such as influence caused by external factors especially price factors. * Maintain the market share and freedom in setting price. Chance of using high pricing policy For instance: Irn-Bru sponsors the Xmas and New Year Carnival at the SECC in Glasgow. In 2002, this attracted over 140,000 people. This action could enlarge the brand influence and build its own brand awareness, more than that, with the development of promotion, company decr eases the elasticity of demand potentially. it will help company to void the uncertainly risk and when elasticity

Morning Routine

A morning routine is something everyone can relate to and must endure. The variables involved are as numerous as there are people in the world. Everyone has his or her own routine but not everyone has detailed this process in a flowchart design. The following will discuss my morning routine, the variables affecting the process, and how to improve the process and decrease the amount of time preparing for and traveling to work. Time spent on each task provides a general overview of each operation with commute time chosen as the metric for the various routes listed. Process Factors  Run-Time and Set-up Time Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, (2006), define run-time as, â€Å"†¦the time required to produce a batch of parts† (p. 163. ) In this essay, I equate run-time to those areas that require action (tasks or operations. ) Furthermore, Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, (2006), define setup-time as, â€Å"†¦the time required to prepare a machine to make a particular item† (p. 163-164. ) I liken setup-time to the time required to prepare for each task or operation. Last, Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, (2006), define operation-time as,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the sum of the setup-time and run-time for a batch of parts†. In this scenario, operation-time will cover the entire flow chart from â€Å"wake-up† to â€Å"arrive at work. † Appendix A outlines my typical morning routine. Variances are few therefore; any changes affect the amount of time spent at each task or decision point. The first item is to wake up and decide whether or not to go to work. If the decision is to stay in bed or stay home, the flowchart is complete and no further actions are necessary. As most mornings are â€Å"get out of bed,† the first task is to walk the dog. Because I do not have a fenced in yard or invisible fence, time must be allocated for this effort. If a fence was put in place, this task would not require action and I would have no need to allocate run-time therefore, reducing the time spent in the morning routine. After walking the dog I change into work attire and eat breakfast. To save run-time in the morning, I allot setup-time the night before for such things as; choosing work attire, placing breakfast items in the kitchen, and preparing lunch for the following day. In this fashion, I am significantly decreasing the amount of run-time required to perform each task in the morning. The task of eating breakfast is static therefore; time spent eating includes time spent listening to traffic reports to prepare for the next task in the chart, which is commute to work. I have the choice of four routes to travel to work and each route has positives and negatives. Setup-time for the commute is negligible and calculating run-time combines time traveled, miles covered, obstacles, e. g. stop signs, stop lights, and vehicle control points. Conclusion A morning routine has numerous variations and an overabundance of obstacles that can divert the most stringent process design. By decreasing setup-time, run-time for each task is affected positively allowing a shorter operation-time. A major decision point in Appendix A revolves around the choice of route to travel based on the mornings traffic report. I will measure the four routes listed and account for obstacles such as number of stop signs and traffic lights, school zones, miles from point A (home) to point B (work), and time required traversing each path. The metric of choice is time and how best to reduce the time commuting to work each day.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 24

Education - Essay Example The system will empower student’s partnership with education stakeholders thereby creating a more attractive and friendly learning environment. The significance of education in the national development is a key issue that requires efforts from all zones to ensure achievement of the best results. The pace of national developments in Saudi Arabia requires policy makers and other stakeholders to be more vigilant on issues that may hinder educational goal achievement. It is the reason that parents and the ministry of education felt needed address and the best way is through making education system friendlier to students (Doumato and Marsha 57). A positive move will have a great impact on the education system bearing in mind that students are more sensitive on issues of freedom, process and the education environment. Students are subject to many challenges in the course of learning. These challenges may be a limiting factor in achievement of their goals but with a friendlier school and learning environment, these challenges may be minimal. Most students even drop out of school citing inability to cope with school life a reason that has made the ministry support a friendlier school environment to ensure students appreciate and feel catered in the learning process (Sedgwick 23). The efforts to make school life friendlier have significant benefits but at the same time has many negative effects on student’s education and their adequateness to adapt to the general life. Technology is important and is a key factor in making learning environment more appealing but has negative effects attached to it. The encouragement of student-teacher relationship has many benefits and lays several negative effects too. The use of buses by students to and from school may also have negative effects on student’s life. The negative impacts range from moral corrosion, change of lifestyles, health

Answer the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Answer the question - Assignment Example The Declaration of Independence that proclaimed that all humans were equal in the new nation, became a motivation for the Black people to claim their equality (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 80). The Black leaders started to point out that the principles of the new nation were â€Å"incompatible with slavery† (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 81). This response showed that Black people were gradually absorbing the enlightenment values and they saw the War and independence of the nation as the way ahead to attain equality and freedom (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 77-95). 2. In 1775, the first anti-slavery association was formed in the North with Benjamin Franklin as its president (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 101). Such societies spread across the nation soon and all of them together formed a loose network as well, the American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 101). In the Upper-South, on the other hand, â€Å"manumission, self-purchase and freedom suits† resulted in the formation of the early free Black communities (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 103). Free Black communities gradually emerged in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Newport, Richmond, Norfolk, New York etc. (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 107). The earliest Black institutions were mutual aid societies providing charitable support to Black people, among which Free African Society and black Freemasons stood out (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 107). Then the Black churches and schools evolved (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 110-115). 3. As early as from â€Å"mid-1600s†, there were a few African American slave owners in America (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 128). Most of them had become slave owners â€Å"to protect their families from sale and disruption† (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 128). Sometimes to protect a relative from forced migration, a Black man with money would buy his freedom (Hine, Hine and Harrold, 128). These

STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN - Coursework Example The strategy is to become the ‘preferred destination by providing food that is up to one week fresher than the supermarkets’. The operations of Sunripe are affected by the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. These factors influence the operations and decisions of Sunripe in varying degrees. The influence of economic, social and environmental factors on Sunripe appears to be more pronounced than the other factors of macro environment. 2.1.1 (c) The set up of the Ontario Food Terminal (OFT), where food items received from more than 100 countries are sold under one roof indicates that the government enjoys good diplomatic relations with other countries and has adopted a liberalised trade policy. 2.1.2 (b) The target market of Sunripe consists of people with ‘above-average’ incomes. Thus most of the economic factors, predominantly the income levels of the consumers, will affect Sunripe’s revenue. 2.1.6 (b) The case study only refers to the minimum hourly wage of $7.45 to be paid to part-time employees. Sunripe is not really affected by this aspect since it employs mostly full-time employees. 2.2.3 (b) Customers wait for retailers to roll out discounts and promotional offers. 2.2.3 (c) Sunripe makes price redundant since it competes on the plank of differentiation; fresh, high quality food at reasonable prices. Will Willemsen, the founder of Sunripe, is the single most important force behind Sunripe’s success. He painstakingly sourced the merchandise for his stores. Willemsen did not mind paying a premium to procure high quality, fresh food. Sunripe employed 90, mostly full-time employees, to manage the operations of its two stores. Sunripe is an entrepreneurial set up and therefore has limited capital. The retailer has managed to obtain steady cash inflows due to its operational efficacy. Sunripe had a sound financial position with the

How Technology Has Revolutionized Business In A Positive Way Research Paper

How Technology Has Revolutionized Business In A Positive Way - Research Paper Example Hence, no wonder the food industry, which is in a way an important aspect of the national economy remained vulnerable to supply, demand and price fluctuations. Practically speaking, it was not possible for the companies to gather process and analyze data in a manner that allowed for a realistic estimation and planning of the coming uncertainties. Hence, for a burger chain operating in New York, it was impossible to estimate that a fall in production in the local beef markets could be managed by procuring additional beef stocks from Latin American farms. There existed no mechanism that allowed for the collection and processing of the required information at a centralized facility. It would not be wrong to say that fast food chains like McDonalds or retailers like Walmart would have never been able to register such an impressive global presence, had it not been for the available technological innovations. Technology has made it possible for the American food producers, vendors, and pro cessors to benefit from the economies of scale resulting from the technology enabled centralized purchasing (Schlosser 5). Technologies like high-speed internet, organizational intranets, data storage devices, data analysis software, IT based supply chain management has enabled food suppliers and procurers to make the best business decisions based on a knowledge of the price and availability of the food items all over the world (Schlosser 218). The businesses today are not under the compulsion to be at the mercy of the local producers.

Major American employment-related laws and regulations Case Study

Major American employment-related laws and regulations - Case Study Example Harassment in the workplace is any form of discrimination that violates Age discrimination in employment Act 1967, American with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963, Pregnancy Discrimination Act and other regulations that aim at prohibiting harassment in workplace (Hemphill & Haines, 1997). Covey (2007) asserts that harassment is unwelcome conduct that is based on color, race, religion, sex, national origin, pregnancy, disability or age and leads to discrimination and unequal opportunities in employment matters. Harassment is outlawed when enduring the offensive conduct is a condition for employment or when the conduct creates a hostile work environment that is considered as intimidating, abusive and hostile to the employee (United States Department of Labor, 2013). Sexual harassment in the workplace includes ‘quid pro quo’ harassment that occurs when employment decisions or treatment is based on submission to unwelc ome sexual conduct or hostile work environment that leads to unwelcome sexual conduct of customers, supervisors, and contractors (Dale, 2005). Some behaviors that perpetuate unlawful sexual environment include commenting on the physical attributes of the employee, unnecessary touching, discussing sexual activities and displaying of sexually suggestive pictures.   In this case, the Department of Labor (DOL) policy prohibits all forms of harassment in the workplace and the employer must implement a harassment policy. that facilitates reporting and investigation of instances of the unlawful behaviors that contribute to harassment (LeMoncheck & Hajdin, 1997). Harassment hinders employee productivity through increased turnover and absenteeism. In addition, harassment negatively affects the organizational reputation and may lead to costly legal suits (Weizer, 2002). Pamodoro Ltd must ensure the workplace is free from any materials that are sexually offensive such as graffiti and nude po sters. The management must implement a strong anti-harassment policy and provide training to the employees, customers and suppliers. The policy must prohibit sexual jokes, comments on person’s body or sex life, sexually demeaning comments, sexually suggestive gifts, touching or patting in a sexual manner, or blocking a co-workers movement (Badgett & Frank, 2007). According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2013), the management must pr

BIM (BUILDING Information Modeling ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BIM (BUILDING Information Modeling ) - Essay Example The two kinds of BIM software are authoring software and coordination software (Solibri, n.p). BIM process involves building design that require collaboration through computer models and not disjoints drawing sets. Through the use of BIM, digital representations of buildings are made available and used for decision making, first class production of construction documents, building planning, and predictions of performance and cost estimates (Solibri, n.p). BIM is employed in modeling and not drawing (Solibri, n.p). Modeling permits the designers to see the building and its parts from numerous angles. In addition, clash detection in the design phase allows designers to identify faults and correct them prior to commencement the building (McNell, 9). Early errors detection implies that costs involved in on-site correction are eliminated. Coordination is emphasized and facilitated by BIM through the use of a data repository where team members easily access information to confirm questiona ble aspects like building elements’ compatibility with the rest of the building. Through BIM cloud, BIM models by different team members can easily be viewed and edited and the consequences of each action made accessible to all model users (McNell 9). BIM is used to provide precise inclusion and modeling of prices and upgrading of bids and project pricing accuracy. Through the visualization designs, clients can verify design intention and sharedknowledge through virtual design and construction then strengthens client’s satisfaction. 2.0. BIM management Although BIM reinforces construction team members’ collaboration through the use of a shared information database to create a virtual model, there is heated debate over the management of BIM (AUGI, n.p). The ownership of BIM is left to DDC or the department of Design and construction. The model ownership is extended to include all inventions, designs, ideas, and methods contained inside the model. DDC reveals that peripheral users like contractors and consultants are only granted short lived use of BIM which terminates with the completion of the project and all copies of BIM copies have to be returned to DDC (AUGI, n.p). Basically, the project models contained in BIM from pre-conception to completion belong to DDC while project team owns just the idea. BIM teams include architects, designers, engineers and contractors and owners. The owner submits his or her request for service to the architect (AUGI, n.p). The architect then validates the request before designing the building. The architect provides the engineer with the building model and the engineer then uses computer aided design 3D visualization and modeling through Revit and creates 3D design or imports ordinary 2D drawings that have 3D information to establish perfect renderings from 3D (McNell, 15). Using BIM, designers investigate substitute notions; carry out value engineering and come up with finest designs. The contractors then revise the documented construction before commencement of physical construction. From the model, project owners are then involved in project aspects since they gain immediate and vast information which is formatted to satisfy their needs. 3.0. BIM practice BIM process involves four main stages which are design, build, operation and maintenance. The BIM model life cycle begins with the request from the owners. At first, the owners do not have sufficient information on what the final product will have (Eastman, Teicholz, Sacks and Liston,

Nike Case Study Essay Example for Free

Nike Case Study Essay The Nike employer brand is extremely powerful in attracting potential talent to the business making the process of handling applications and supporting the resourcing process effectively and efficiently critical to business success; implementing e-recruitment was identified as the way to solve this businesses hiring problems. The issue Nike currently receives around 800 CVs each month. It has on average 100 to 120 open positions at any one time at Nike’s EMEA Headquarters (HQ) in Hilversum, the Netherlands. These volumes used to place considerable pressure on the resourcing function to reduce the administration and lead-time in the recruiting process. Handling the inflow of applications became challenging as the regional HQ grew dramatically in size. This resulted in high numbers of CVs circulating in the business whilst the company had little capability of tracking their progress or handling enquiries from job applicants. We have a firm policy that each applicant is a potential employee and customer and so we must respond appropriately, in an individual letter where possible,† commented Rolien Hoogers, EMEA staffing manager at Nike. â€Å"With only four people on the team, we were finding it increasingly hard to do that, and we were losing track of where CVs were in the company. We became concerned about how well we were protecting applicants personal information, and there were mistakes, such as us calling someone in for an interview who was already due to come in later that day. The action These problems led Nike to review their HR processes. The assessment demonstrated that the company had to standardise its HR processes in an attempt to reduce duplication of effort. Reducing the cost per hire and improving the overall quality of talent hired into the business were key goals. Nike felt that achieving these objectives and improving effectiveness would help to boost the company image. Faster response times to applicants together with consistency in handling the administration associated with each appointment would lead to improved internal effectiveness and efficiency. The solution Jobpartners provided Nike with an e-recruitment solution, ActiveRecruiter, which has been designed to help companies manage the entire recruitment process more effectively and quickly resulting in a better relationship between the company and its candidates. The solution was chosen by Nike as it offered flexibility and simplicity, was cost effective and could be easily integrated with the existing programmes from PeopleSoft. A number of avenues are now open to candidates who wish to apply for jobs at Nike. External applicants can apply for specific roles or for more general speculative job opportunities directly via the Nike website. Electronic links have also been established with external web-based recruitment organisations including Monsterboard. Conventional resourcing processes including newspaper advertising and head-hunting , particularly for more senior positions supplement these e-methods. Nike employees can also directly apply for jobs posted on the intranet. The majority of applicants apply to Nike via the web site (www.nikebiz.com) and can attach their resume after filling in their profile enabling line managers to review applications online. Paper copy CVs are no longer required. ActiveRecruiter makes the first match between the job requirements and the competencies and experience of the candidate. The system then retains a pool of applicants on file, which ensures Nike has a readily available supply of CVs for open positions. The number of CVs currently held on the database is in the region of 8500. Each registered applicant is automatically asked to update their CV every six months in order to remain active on the system. The system is then able to search an expanding database of future interest when open positions arise. This helps to reduce the costs of recruitment. ActiveRecruiter also provides the ability to search for specific competencies when a short-listing for open positions is being run. This ensures a better quality of candidate. The result Hoogers comments: â€Å"Savings of around 54% in recruitment costs have been identified since the system was first introduced in July 2002, and there has been far less reliance on external recruitment and search agencies due to the ‘future interest’ database.† From June 2003 to May 2004, a total of 556 positions were filled with 235 internal Nike candidates, 144 from the Nike database, 60 through the internal referral bonus programme, and 35 via headhunting organisations. The remainder came from job adverts and recruitment consultancy, Adecco. The average time to fill vacancies has fallen from 62 days to 42 days. The cost per hire has also been reduced. Nike believes that ActiveRecruiter has given a return on investment in just six months. Lessons learnt The three key learning points identified by Nike during the process of change management include: 1.The importance of involving recruiters in the development and implementation process from an early stage. 2. The benefit of ensuring that recruiters have a place in the project to help get buy-in 3.The role of communication. Internal customers and users of the system have to see benefits, not just to the business as a whole, but also in terms of helping them to achieve their recruitment targets by attracting quality people with the necessary skills and attributes. Future Trends Nike feels that even greater potential exists in improving the quality of the overall resourcing process as ActiveRecruiter is developed further in the EMEA region. The vision for ActiveRecruiter at Nike is for it to become a ‘one-stop-shop’ for quality recruiting. This will help ensure that increased time can be put into improving the capability of line management in interviewing techniques, and that the resourcing group can be freed up to play a more consulting and advisory role. Nike is planning to continue to measure and improve the effectiveness of its resourcing processes, which can only enhance its employer brand in the market place.

Impact of the Affordable Care Act Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Affordable Care Act Essay The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama early in 2010. The ACA was introduced into law to help provide access to affordable and quality health insurance to more Americans than ever before. The goal was to reduce health care cost for individuals and government. It has allowed more adults to be eligible for Medicaid by increasing income eligibility to 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). (Milstead, 2013) However, by ruling of the Supreme Court in June of 2012, states had the option to implement the expansion of Medicaid eligibility to cover more low-income adults. As of January 2014, North Carolina (NC) was one of the states that chose not to implement the expansion of Medicaid making the eligibility for Medicaid for low-income adults very limited. How does this affect the population, economy, cost, and quality of health care? North Carolina’s Right to Refuse According to Knickman and Kovner (2011, p. 110), â€Å"the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives states the primary responsibility for public health. Medicaid is administered and overseen by each state but governed by various federal guidelines with the federal government contributing 50%-78% of its costs. (2011) After long debate and review of advantages and disadvantages to implementing the new laws, the North Carolina’s government elected not to adopt the new legislation. Caroll (2013) indicated the decision was based on NC’s current Medicaid system, indicating that is was broken and needing to be revised. There was concern the ACA would cause an increase in taxpayer’s contribution due to the long term costs. As of September 2014, there are 21 states that are following North Carolina’s decision not to adopt the new health care reform. This would leave millions of Americans that would be eligible for Medicaid under the ACA without access to health care.  (StateReforum, 2014) Impact on the Population One of the initiatives of the ACA was to provide more than 32 million uninsured Americans with insurance coverage. This was to be done by increasing the FPL to 138 percent and lifting or altering certain limitations for eligibility to Medicaid. This meant that all Americans whose income was at or below the FPL would be eligible for Medicaid. For example, an unemployed, single, 26-year-old male without any other income would be eligible for Medicaid. Medicaid would no longer be limited to specific categories such as the disabled, children and their parents, or pregnant women whose income was below the FPL. North Carolina’s current Medicaid program â€Å"eligibility for non-disabled adults is limited to parents with incomes below 43% of poverty, or about $10,000 a year for a family of four, and adults without dependent children remain ineligible regardless of their income† (How Will the Uninsured, 2014). Currently, there are over 319,000 uninsured adults in NC that are not eligible for Medicaid, by the current NC guidelines, which would be eligible under the Affordable Care Act. This can lead to increased health care costs and weighs heavily on the economy. Who is to take up the slack? Economic Effects of Doing Nothing Dorgan (2009), Chairman of the Democratic Policy Committee, indicates that the current health care system in NC has â€Å"led to higher health care costs, reduced access to care, and inconsistent quality of care†. The Gross Domestic Product in 2013 for North Carolina, based on millions of dollars spent, was $471,365 million, an increase of over $50,000 million since 2010. (Department of Labor and Workforce, 2013) In 2013, North Carolina’s State Auditor Beth Wood indicated that the state’s Medicaid program had gone over budget for the past three years, costing taxpayers about $1.2 billion. (Hoban, 2013) This leaves businesses and the working population to cover health care costs by paying higher taxes. With unemployment soaring over the last decade, and North Carolina having one of the highest unemployment rates in the United States (Hoban, 2013), less is paid into taxes. This leads to less to cover health care costs. The Affordable Care Act was implemented to decrease the costs of health care for all Americans. According to the White House website (2014) â€Å"the Congressional Budget Office found that health  insurance reform will reduce the deficit by $210 billion in this decade and by more than $1 trillion over the following 10 years. A family of four would save as much as $2,300 on their premiums in 2014 compared to what they would have paid without reform†. Will the decreased costs affect the quality of care being provided? Quality of Care The implementation of the ACA will require a higher standard for quality of care. The ACA promotes the use of accountable care organizations (ACO), which is a type of managed care that includes at least primary physicians, specialists, and hospitals that would be held accountable for the quality of care provided. (Kovener and Knickman, 2011, p. 196) The ACA works to move away from a fee-for-service approach to an accountable care organization (ACO) model that would incorporate a coordinated approach to provide high quality of care. This type of system rewards physicians and health care facilities through how they are paid for the quality of care they provide. The ACA reforms the way health care is delivered to the population by â€Å"creating high-performing organizations of physicians and hospitals that use systems of care and information technology to prevent illness, improve access to care, improve safety, and coordinate services† (What is an Accountable Care, 2011) making them more accountable for the care they provide. Incentives are provided to physicians and healthcare organizations that have shown they can provide quality care and improve patient satisfaction. Ethical Implications How can the government provide quality health care to so many without sacrificing the rights of a few? The ACA was enacted to help provide health care to more adults between the ages of 19-64 years of age that otherwise would not have access to or afford health care. According to Sorrell (2012), Americans want a health care system that will provide quality care, have freedom of choice, be affordable, and allow the costs to be shared among all. There is worry the ACO will lead to cost-shifting. Medicare and Medicaid pay much less for reimbursement for health care treatment. To re-coop their costs, hospitals and health care providers participate in the unethical practice of shifting these losses to patients with insurance by charging more for the same services. Insurance companies then shift these  costs to members by increasing their premiums and out-of-pocket costs. With such an increase in the number of people eligible for Medicaid, providers will be receiving much less for the services they provide. Another concern is for the Americans that do not qualify for Medicaid. Income levels can qualify some for decrease in premiums for health insurance from private companies. However, there will be those that do not qualify in either category and do not have access to health insurance through their employer and cannot afford the high premiums of private insurance. The new health reform requires those that do not have some type of health insurance to have to pay penalties for not having insurance. Conclusion The Affordable Care Act was developed to provide health care to an additional 32 million Americans with the goal of reducing health care costs. Even though there are millions that will now have access to health care, there will be millions that do not qualify for the programs and will remain uninsured. There is much concern and debate the ACA with hurt the economy, increase health care costs, and add to the United States’ deficit. North Carolina, along with 21 other states, have chosen not to adopt the new law and either continue with current guidelines or choose to restructure their current health care policies. Concerns also arise about causing a decrease in quality of health care provided. The development of ACO’s through the ACA implies that quality of health care will be improved. However, there is question that ACO’s will lead to cost-shifting to re-coop lost costs from the influx of American’s now eligible for Medicaid and Medicare. References Caroll, B. (2013). North Carolina Thumbs its Nose at Obamacare. Retrieved from http://watchdogwire.com/northcarolina/2013/02/12/north-carolina-thumbs-its-nose-at-obamacare/ Dorgan, B. (2009). Health Care Reform: The Cost of Doing Nothing in North Carolina. Democratic Policy Committee. Retrieved from http://www.dpc.senate.gov/docs/states-fs-111-1-87/nc.pdf Hoban, R. (April, 2013). Cost of Care: How ‘Broken’ is NC Medicaid?. North Carolina Health News. Retrieved from http://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2013/04/15/how-broken-is-nc-medicaid/

The Nyasa Community Water Project Proposal Construction Essay

The Nyasa Community Water Project Proposal Construction Essay World Vision Tanzania plans to implement Water Project in Wela, Miguwa and Mbogwe wards in Nyasa Division, Nzega District, Tabora Region in Tanzania. The proposed five year project is expected to impact lives of more than 30884 people living in twelve Villages of Miguwa, Mbogwe, and Wela wards, 32% are women and 42% are children. The project aims at increasing the supply of water for domestic use through the construction of fifty-three wells (shallow wells and tube wells). At the completion of the project the water supply will meet 60% of the domestic demand from the current percentage that is less than 30% of the demand. The project is expected to contribute to the decrease in diseases associated to water shortage such as scabies, diarrhea and typhoid. The community will form water user groups at each well that will be responsible for implementation, management and maintenances of the wells. World Vision shall take the advisory and facilitation role to the community, government and other actors. It has the capacity and ability of rendering the above roles. It has been in the area for more than three years now. World Vision Tanzania will use the existing personnel in the ADP plus only one staff who will be the facilitator for this project. The project lifetime budget is estimated to be US$ 310500 implemented in five years. Community contribution is estimated at 31 %( US$14500); in terms of cash labour and material. Therefore the total project cost will be $ 325000 2.0 PROJECT SCOPE AND COVERAGE The proposed project is located in Nyasa ADP and it will cover 8 villages of ,Malilita, Mwasambo, Mwanzoli, Idudumo, Iduguta, Mbogwe and Nhobora in Nyasa division ,Nzega District, Tabora region . It lies between longitude 32 22 E -33 41 E and latitude 3 23 S 3 42S.The project will be implemented within the existing Nyasa ADP and it will benefit twelve villages with a population of 23,884 people, who are living in 4241 households. 46% of the population is males while 51% are female. Children constitute 41.6% of total population. Under five constitute 14.3% and under one accounts for 4% of the total population this is according to 2002 National census. Climatic features: Attitudes 1000 1400 above seas level. In low land the soils are typical deep, fine to medium textured, yellowish to grayish brown or dark gray .In the hills area the soils are stony, rocky and gravely with pocket of very shallow, excessively drained and very gravelly loams. 2.1. WATER In Tanzania only 42% of the population has access to clean water. The situation is even worse in the rural areas Nyasa community area included. The water sources available in the area are less than 30% of the need and the quality is not guaranteed. In the dry season the situation is extremely worse. At Regional and District level water situation is almost the same. There has been persistent drought and unreliable rainfall, which lead to water scarcity in the Region as well as in the Program area. Water sources, which include ponds, Chaco dams, and temporary rivers/springs in most cases, are drying during the dry season. The ADP area to date is having only one protected and functional shallow well which is located in Miguwa Village. There are others unprotected and seasonal wells scattered in different villages. Pond is one of the main sources of water, which is used intensively with human and animals for drinking water as well as for other domestic purpose. Nyasa ADP area is having 116 ponds situated in different parts of the area. Water scarcity has led to vegetation depletion in the project area. Crop production keeps on declining and livestock become affected. Water related diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, skin diseases and conductivities are at the increase. Little efforts and inputs have gone in to avail safe clean water through constructed protected shallow wells/tube wells, which has led to prevalence of water borne disease. 3.0 ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT AND EXPERIENCE World Vision Tanzania has been carrying water projects in different parts of the country for a considerable numbers of years; projects likes Bukombe Water in Ushirombo District Shinyanga Region, SHAWASA in Arusha region and many others. The sustainability elements in all of these projects has been clearly observed, water user groups having significant money in their bank accounts for the maintenances and repairs of the pumps, having two or more pump attendants with some technical skills for maintenance of their pumps, these are common features in those projects. World Vision Tanzania has been operational in Nzega District since 1996 through Nzega Community Development Project, by the year 2000/2001 Nyasa ADP came into operational. Through all that time WVT has managed to establish a strong relationship with the community, community leaders, government and other NGOs. World Vision supports have made a greater impact to the lives of the Nzega people, Wela, Mbogwe and Miguwa wards included. 4.0 PROJECT RATIONALES AND JUSTIFICATION Despite considerable efforts made during the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade of the 1980s, the rate of improved access to safe water supply and sanitation facilities is still very low. Tanzania population is estimated to be over 34 million people, 80% of the population lives in villages and only 50% of the population lives in villages have access to clean and safe water. 30% of the existing water supply in the country is not functioning. Water situation in Nzega District is also not promising. No any permanent river passing through in the district, only 33% of the people in the district are accessing clean water (Nzega District land use framework plan, Feb 1999). The government in the past years has been trying to dig big water ponds to harvest rains water but if the rain didnt rain properly in the said year the challenge is still there. There is a goldmine that has supported a pipeline scheme in Nzega town taping water from those ponds; this is very expensive scheme because of the water treatment. It is only in Mwakalundi Division where World Vision through Nzega Community Development Project addressed the water issue very significantly. 99% of the water sources within Nyasa ADP are unprotected ponds, spring and hand dug wells these are seasonal and drying up as from the month of July to October. They are far located such that walking distance from home stead to water sources is 4-8 km during dry season and 2-3 km in rain season (Nyasa ADP Baseline survey Report 2001), this is mainly affecting women and girl child since they are the one who are fetching the water in the family; sometimes fore gore even a meal to make sure they bring water home. There is no single operating piped water supply system while there is only one protected shallow well functioning in the whole of the ADP area. The concentration of animal excretes at water point is common. We expect that the project will increase accessibility of water for domestic use, which in turn will reduce walking distance for water fetching that meant more time for other developmental activities. Most of the people carry no water treatment. Poor hygiene and lack of potable water have accelerated diarrhea-associated diseases that stand the second in the list of top ten killer diseases in the area. The project is anticipated to help increase cleanliness of people due to water availability and decrease of the diseases associated to water shortage e.g. Scabies. The ADP has been in the area for consecutive three years now but it has been hard to address the water sector seriously due to its magnitude; also the ADP fund for the first three years was small and was meant for sensitization of the community even though water sector ranked to be the first felt need by the community during the baseline survey. 3.2 POLICIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY World Vision Tanzania is a community-based organization whose mission is to work with the poor and marginalized in order to attain transformational and sustainable development. As an advocacy and child focused organization WVT seeks to provide clean and safe water to the community within a walking distance of 400 metres and reduce water-borne diseases through digging wells, drilling boreholes, rehabilitation of dams, laying water pipes, rain water harvesting and even conserving the existing sources.. The construction of 50 shallow wells and drilling of 3 boreholes planned by this project is expected to relieve especially women of walking long distances for search of water and lead to improved school attendance of girl children. Not only that but also, the project aims for agricultural activities and irrigation purposes hence increases the economic growth of the country. The above idea is linked with the Dimensions of Rural Development Strategy which describes the realization of rural development in the context of the countrys development vision largely depends on the pace of growth in the agricultural sector, the adoption of a positive mindset by the rural society, and a re-focusing of the institutional framework on the rural areas. In this context, attention should be towards attaining the following: High Quality Livelihood For rural dwellers, high quality livelihood will mean having access to affordable basic needs. This includes having access to sufficient and adequate food, preventive and curative health care; shelter and clothing; education and training; and safe water. They also need access to irrigation, energy, information, transportation and communication. An Enabling and Peoples Empowering Environment Any initiative towards realizing human development and reducing poverty in a more consistent and sustainable manner should involve the people concerned. This implies that the stakeholders: communities; individuals; households; firms; organization and associations, are best positioned to know their social, political and economic problems and needs, as well as their environmental, cultural and spiritual aspirations. The Rural Development Strategy provides an enabling environment and effective institutional framework that puts people at the center of their development. People should be empowered to guide the development process and influence it towards the direction and speed they perceive it to be in tandem with their future development aspirations. Self-Reliance and Self-Sustainance The role of community and individual initiatives is of vital importance and is given due recognition in the strategy. This goes beyond providing and supporting enabling and facilitating institutional structures and processes necessary to facilitate implementation. 3.3 PROJECT APPROACH 3.3.1 Goal: To improve the quality of life in Nyasa community. 3.3.2 Objective To contribute towards increased accessibility of safe and adequate water supply in Nyasa community. To have water for irrigation system to sustain Agricultural activities. To reduce time consuming and long distance of fetching water. To have water for livestock keeping activities Indicators Percentage of people accessing clean and safe water from the new established water -Number of people having water for irrigation and livestock keeping activities. Out put 1 Conducting hydro geological survey Indicator Number of shallow well and deep well sites located/identified. Output 2 Shallow wells and deep wells constructed Indicators Number of shallow deep wells constructed. Number of shallow deep wells with suitable water for human consumption. Output 3 Established and trained water committees/ Water user group Indicators Number of water committees/Water User Groups established and trained. 3.3.3 Main activities Conduct sensitization meeting to set water goals Form/Train water user group on water sanitation. Conduct hydro geological surveys to locate potential sites. Support the Construction of the wells. Facilitate training of technical staffs on pump mechanics, well repair and maintenance Salary to Project facilitator. 3.4 APPRAISAL ISSUES As far as the concept of project appraisal is concerned is the process of analyzing the technical feasibility and economic viability of a project proposal with a view to their costs. Also there are different types of the project appraisal these are social, technical, institutional, environmental, and economic. This project deals with social, economic and financial, and environmental appraisal. 3.4.1 Social appraisal Through the project that will be implemented at Nyasa community. The community will benefit from the services as per clean and safe water policies in Tanzania. Also, the project will provide service to about 30884 people. The project aims to supply clean and safe water to the community in order to reduce lack of sufficient water, eruption of diseases caused by unsafe water currently used. 3.4.2 Economic and financial appraisal The community suffers from water and spends a lot of time by fetching water far from their residence instead of working and earning income. When this project will be implemented many of the people will attend their works throughout the day as a result they increase their income and those business men will pay tax to the government. Moreover, they will use the water for irrigation system and hence increase the agricultural production that will make the community to engage in business and increase their financial status as family as well as nation income. 3.4.3 Environmental appraisal There will be some effects on environment if the implementation of the project will be considering the policy for agriculture and livestock because we expect that after implementation of the project people will engage themselves in Agricultural activities as well as livestock keeping that will probably affect the environment. The environment will be improved with improved water supplies. Around each site the trees will be planted for both reduction of degree of evaporation and protection of environment. So the project is not expected to have any negative effect to the environment. 3.5 Project Stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities Are the one who make decisions during the initiation, planning and execution stages of the project. In the context of this project the project stake holders are; Project sponsor Provides agreement for funding the project and executive interventions to overcome organizational barrier. Project manager Responsible for ensuring that the project is delivered on time, on scope and on budget. The community Responsible for using the clean and safe water for domestic purposes as well as agricultural activities and also the community will contribute on the maintenance of shallow wells. Projects office Coordinates the organizations project resource, high level reporting, project management coaching and facilitation services. 3.6 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is intended to benefit the community and will focus on the overall objective of making sure water supply is sustained even after exit of World Vision. Mobilizing and sensitizing the community to form water user groups who will be responsible for the day-to-day management of the project will achieve this objective. Women will be highly encouraged to participate in the project planning, implementation and management. The shallow wells will be located in the sites, which will be shown by the water survey team. We expect that at least each between two Sub villages will have one shallow well. The communities will form water user group at each shallow wells site. The water user group will include both women and men. The WUG-will be responsible for the implementation of the project plus the on going management and maintenance of the wells. To this end a water user fee has been agreed to for the on going maintenance since the region is extremely poor the user fee will not be high. The Village Health Workers will be trained in operation and maintenance of the pump and water hygiene. 3.7 GENDER ANALYSIS. Successful water project has special significance for women. The women and children will benefit more directly as some of the women and children currently have to walk to about 10 km for fetching a maximum of 20 liters bucket of water each. With the reduction of walking distance the workload will also be reduced. The women group will be encouraged to establish vegetable gardening around the wells. Vegetable production and the proper usage of the same will improve nutritional health of women and children and will increase current investment in education and economic interpose. The water user group to be established will have at least 50% women among their members. This will increase their participation in decision making in the matters relating to water issues. 3.8 PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS The project team will be adhered committed to the project work. The upper management and stakeholder support and commit to the project efforts. The project will be delivered according to the project plan. The project plan will be utilized effectively. 5.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 4.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT Following the intensive dialogue with the community, the ADP committee will be responsible to over see the project implementation under the facilitation of the ADP coordinator. The WUG to be established in each of the construction sites will be responsible for the day-to-day activities. However, the Zonal manager will be the over all in charge of the project that will ensure that financial contracts, agreements and payments are done properly. At National level the project will receive a similar facilitation like WVT project programs. WV Australia as project contractor to the Australian Government will provide project management support to WVT and will be responsible for the following; reviewing quarterly reports and financial acquittals, where possible perform monitoring visits to the project for sharing of various issues regarding project improvement and participation in project evaluation. 4.2 PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring activities will be continuous concurrent and integral featuring in all project components. Monitoring and Evaluation will be done in a participatory way. Monitoring indicators provided in the log frame used for the purpose and they can be reviewed, as it may be necessary. As part of monitoring the project will prepare monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports both narrative and financial. However, the frequency of reporting to the donor will depend on the requirements. WVT auditors will audit the project annual. The donor can conduct independent audit, as it may deem necessary upon consultation with the WVT National Directors. 6.0 RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT Purpose: To identify Risk, analyse the effect of uncertainties and plan for control. 5.1 Risk Identification: During this process the sources of risk, potential risk events, and symptoms of risk are identified. Risk is uncertain event which should it occur, it will have an effect on the project meeting it objectives. In this project, risk is identified by undertaking initial risk assessment as part of starting up the project by having the following questions; What could possibly happen to affect the project? What is the likelihood of this happening? Therefore the project manager has to get the team together to review the sources of risk for the project and brainstorm the specific risks. 5.2 Risk identification techniques The project will use the following techniques in identifying risks Checklist project managers must find ways to identify project risks rapidly so that project schedules become increasingly shorter. Flowcharts Helps the project team members to have a great understanding on the causes and effects of risks. Interviewing This is done by interviews with various stakeholders may help identify risk not identified during normal planning activities. Risk triggers The risk trigger is the event that would need to happen in order for the potential outcome to occur. Risk triggers are usually expressed with some sort of dependency, or qualifier. For example, a risk trigger might be that a resource on the project leaves. This might easily be accounted for by utilizing other resources. But if a resource with key skills or knowledge leaves, then the project may be significantly impacted. This approach is suggested in order to clarify the thought process of identifying risks. When the risk trigger occurs, the risk is no longer a risk, but has materialized into a problem/issue that needs resolution. 5.3 Risk analysis In this project risk will be analyzed by defining and analyzing the threat to individuals, businesses and government agencies posed by potential natural and human-caused adverse events. A risk analysis report can be either quantitative or qualitative. In quantitative risk analysis an attempt is made to numerically determine the probabilities of various adverse events and the likely extent of the losses if a particular event takes place. Qualitative risk analysis which is used more often, does not involve numerical probabilities or predictions of loss. Instead, the qualitative method involves defining the various threats, determining the extent of vulnerabilities and devising countermeasures should an attack occur. Risk need to be quantified in two dimensions. The impact of the risk needs to be assessed. The probability of the risk occurring needs to be assessed. For simplicity, rate each on a 1 to 4 scale. The larger the number, the larger the impact or probability. By using a matrix, a priority can be established. According to Juden, S (2010) below is the diagram that shows the risk probability/impact chart The corners of the chart have these characteristics: Low impact/Low probability Risks in the bottom left corner are low level, and you can often ignore them. Low impact/High probability Risks in the top left corner are of moderate importance if these things happen, you can cope with them and move on. However, you should try to reduce the likelihood that theyll occur. High impact/Low probability Risks in the bottom right corner are of high importance if they do occur, but theyre very unlikely to happen. For these, however, you should do what you can to reduce the impact theyll have if they do occur, and you should have contingency plans in place just in case they do. High impact/High probability Risks towards the top right corner are of critical importance. These are your top priorities, and are risks that you must pay close attention to. 5.4 Risk documentation and reporting Risk status: Project enables you to adjust the status of a risk. The risk status shows what has happened to a risk. This could be due to the tasks of the project team, but also changes in the risk conditions. Monitoring the status of risks helps you to assess what you should do with regard to individual risk and the project. Risk register This document is a means of recording the identified risks, their severity, and the actions steps to be taken. The risk logic can be a simple document, spreadsheet, or a database system. The most effective format for this document is a table, because it will allow a great deal of information to be conveyed in a few pages. If the information is presented in a paragraph form, you run the risk of people not reading it, although all of the relevant information is there. 5.5 Risk assumptions and control measures Lack of enough skilled and self committed people to participate in the project this may result the project not to be completed on time.. Delay of fund from donors may result on the project not to be accomplished at the specified time. There are four stages of risk management plan Stages Risk identification Risk quantification Risk response Risk monitoring and control Objective in project The project team has to identify and name the risks that are found in the project. The project manager needs to understand the probability/impact of the risk occurring that needs to be assessed. The actions should include what needs to be done, who is doing it, and when it should be completed It is best to hold regular risk reviews to identify actions outstanding, risk probability and impact, remove risks that have passed, and identify new risks. 5.6 Conclusion of risk analysis and management As far as the risk management and analysis is concerned, The project manager have to ensure that there is a proper risk management plan for a project so as to meet its expected objectives and goals because without a plan, the success of the project, and reputation as a Project Manager, are on the line and following the above steps there will be increase in chances of project success success. EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT 7.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY The project focus on cost sharing, skills, training capacity building and participatory management will ensure its sustainability. Both District and Regional Government are supportive to this proposal. The project will link in the district budget planning whereby government contributions for project support will be identified and incorporated into the District budget and annual plan. A technician from District council water department will be a focal personal in carrying out of this project from its inception to the end to ensure that after the phase out of the project the sustainability of a project is clear. ANNEXES: 1.0 PROJECT BUDGET PROJECT BUDGET THE CURRENCY IS IN USD S/N PARTICULARS YEARS 1 2 3 4 5 1 INCOME Amount is in USD Government 150000 Distribution in each year WV Australia 175000 Total Income 100000 75000 50000 50000 50000 EXPENDITURE 2 Administration cost Technician 150 Training 2500 1000 1000 2000 1000 Facilitate Training 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 Meetings 1500 1000 1500 1000 1000 Project accountant 2000 2000 2000 2400 2500 procurement officers salary 700 1200 1500 2000 2800 Salary project facilitator 2400 2600 2900 3000 5000 Total expenditure 10705 9300 9900 11900 13800 3 CONSTRUCTION COST hydro geological survey 7000 support the construction 36002 67520 18010 cost for shallow well Cement 1000 wire mesh 6 Aggregated stone 30 sand I trip 15 Tania pump 1500 cost for tube wells drilling 9000 purchasing a pump 1500 Total construction cost 56053 67520 18010 Total Overall cost 66,758 76,820 27910 11900 13800 PROJECT WORKPLAN/SCHEDULE Activity Year 1 Cost Year 2 Cost Year 3 Cost Year 4 Cost Year 5 Cost Total Cost In USD Hydrological surveys to locate potential sites. X 500 500 Constructions of shallow wells/tube wells X 700 700 Training WUGs on water sanitation and hygiene X 300 300 Conduct community sensitization on resources X 550 550 Train pump attendants on minor repair/maintenance X 225 225 Implementation X 120 120 Evaluation monitoring X 450 450 Total cost 2845 1.2 PROJECT LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE INDICATOR TARGET BASELINE DATA SOURCE TIMING RESP. PERSON ASSUMPTION Goal To contribute towards improved life standard of the community Incidence of (cholera, diarrhea, typhoid) water borne diseases decreased 20% 45% Project records, Dispensary records Quarterly CO, Project Coordinator, Facilitator Adequate rainfall PURPOSE Safe and adequate water accessed by the community % of household within 400m from water source 30% 0.3% Project records Quarterly Project Coordinator, facilitator OUTPUT 1 Improved water source Number of deep/tube wells constructed Number of shallow well constructed 3 50 0 0 Project records Quarterly District Water Engineer, PC, Facilitator Activities Facilitate hydro geological surveys to locate potential site 1.2Facilitate the construction of shallow wells/ tube wells Number of surveys Conducted Number of identified potential sites Number of shallow well, tube wells constructed 2 53 53 0 0 DWE DWE Community reports Annual Quarterly PC/Facilitator Project coordinator, project facili

Terraforming Essay -- Argumentative Environment Essays Persuasive

Terraforming Terraforming has been explored in science fiction for years, but improving technology, along with concerns such as population growth and expenditure of natural resources, are causing terraforming to become a possibility. Population growth is the most obvious reason for terraforming. The world’s population is expected to rise steadily for the next 50 years; although the rate of population growth decreases slightly each year, the world population is estimated to increase by about half its current size between 2004 and 2050 (1). Barring any disaster that could cause a dramatic population decrease, humans will eventually overrun the amount of space available on Earth. Another concern is the availability of the Earth’s natural resources. Humans use Earth’s resources for energy and commodities. According to the Living Planet Report 2002, approximately 20% more resources than can be naturally replenished are harvested from the Earth each year. If this rate continues, tw o Earths would be required to supply resources by the year 2050; if the rate of overconsumption increases, resources will run out even sooner (2). These figures indicate that humans must find another source of resources to support themselves. Successful attempts at terraforming would have huge social consequences for humanity. A parallel could be drawn between settling another planet and the settlement of the American colonies. There could be wars between countries to claim the territory similar to those waged in the so-called â€Å"New World†. Also, a new government would have to be established to bring order to the new territory. A colony on another planet would probably become an elitist colony. Only powerful countries would be able to afford to partake in ... ...maturity in a necessary time frame for maximum effectiveness. References 1. 2004. Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050. 2. Loh, Jonathan. 2002, Living Planet Report 2002. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 3. Giroux, Marx. 2004, Ask an Expert 4. Halliday, Resnick, Walker. 2004, Fundamentals of Physics. Seventh Edition. Pg. A4 5.http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/terraforming_mars.html?322004 6.http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.etsu.edu:2048/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V3S3TN437NJ1&_cdi=5738&_orig=search&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1998&_sk=999779996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlzzSkzV&_acct=C000024158&_version=1&_userid=495826&md5=d1adbd2707ffbfe6cd6e9152cd00eaf3&ie=f.pdf 7. http://www.intuitor.com/MarsNIF/MarsH2O.html

The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursewor

The Character of Iago in Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play Othello, the character Iago plays a paramount role in the destruction of Othello and all of those around him.   Some critics state that Iago's actions are motiveless and that he is a purely evil character.   However, during the course of this paper, certain motives for Iago's actions will be discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the first motive to be understood the reader must become knowledgeable of Othello's heritage and the setting of the play.   Othello is a Moslem from North Africa.   He is living in Venice.   He is the leader of the Venetian forces.   Anthony Burgess, a Shakespearean critic, believes that Othello's color has nothing to do with Iago's actions.      "Othello's color had no connotations of the enslavable inferiority.   There were many great Negroes in those days like that Antonio de Vunth, who was King of Congo's ambassador to the Holy See."(Shakespeare, pp.200)      Ã‚  Ã‚   There may have been many great Negroes around in those days but there were none in Venice.   Othello was the only member of his race in Venice.   Many of the people who lived in Venice had never seen a Moor.   To the people of Venice, Moors were different and feared, they were seen as an evil spirit.   Some people thought that they were witches or devils that walked the earth.   Included in a text written by Stephen Greenblatt, Roderigo and Barbanizo believed that "Othello used magic to win Desdemona."(Norton Shakespeare, pp. 2091).   You also see many references in the play where a character will refer to Othello as being a devil or beast.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was no secret to the reader of the play that Iago possessed a hatred for Othello.   In fact, in act one of the plays the reader s... ...nced by motives and he was not just evil.   There must be motive to spark evil and in Iago's case the fact that he was losing what seemed to be respect and accountability from the people of Venice and his friends, drove him to hate.    Works Cited and Consulted Bayley, John. Shakespeare and Tragedy. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1981. Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Di Yanni, Robert. "Character Revealed Through Dialogue." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Comparing the IMC programs of ARC and P&G

Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 The Procter & Gamble and its â€Å"Thankful Mom† campaign 4 1. 1. Target audience of â€Å"Thankful Mom† campaign MIMIC objectives of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign 5 Marketing MIX of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign 6 Measuring MIMIC Outcomes 7 2. American Red Cross organization and 2009-2010 year campaign 9 2. 1. 2. 2. MIMIC objectives of American Red Cross campaign 10 2. 3. Marketing MIX of American Red Cross campaign 11 2. 4. 15 3. Analysis of MIMIC practices between the ARC and P&G organizations 15 References 17 Procter & Gamble Company and American Red Cross organization on U. S. Market.The documentation analyses idea and thought of Integrated Marketing Communication (MIMIC) in present business pattern and need, critically assess the parts, capacities and devices of MIMIC all hands on deck/nature's turf, evaluate the patterns and business sector authority on MIMIC; how new patterns will offer effect to the business, analyze the developing issues and difficulties of MIMIC in the worldwide commercial center. The first and second chapter describes the MIMIC program P and ARC, target audience, objectives, tools and results. In the third chapter the analysis and comparison of communication activities. . Procter and its â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign Procter & Gamble Co. – an American organization, one of the world pioneers in the purchaser products market. The organization is one of the heading organizations in the United States by the volume of benefits and business promotion. P is the world's biggest publicist; the expense of promoting surpasses $ 8 billion. P&G is considered organization originator of brand administration. Presently, the organization claims 23 brands with worldwide deals in abundance of 1 billion dollars, and an alternate 20 brands with deals above $ 500 million.It is these 43 brands are he motor of development of the organization and give yearly deals development. P &G required re-building solid buyer esteem over its brands to help drive deals. To drive deals crosswise over brands and classes, P&G required a profoundly better approach to ponder making extra customer esteem for its brands. For the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver, Canada, P&G Joined to be a supporter of the US Olympic Team and appeared the first corporate battle – ‘Thank you Mom' with the extremely fruitful Ð’Â «KidsÐ’Â » and ‘You'll Never Walk Alone' ads.Emulating the achievement of that sponsorship, P marked on as a full International Olympic Winter Olympic Games. 1. 1 . Target audience of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign The enormous thought is arrange around the buyer – for the most part women – in the part they interestingly play as parental figures and family stays – as moms – in a manner that has worldwide reverberation – through association with the yearnings of the Olympics. Regardless of which type of segmentation scheme we use, the key is adjusting the marketing program to recognize customer differences.The major segmentation variables?geographic, demographic, cryptographic, and behavioral segmentation (Kettle and Keller, 2012) (Table 1). Main Dimension Segment Break down Geographic Metropolitan Areas Cities throughout the U. S. Density Urban, countryside Demographics Age Cohort 18 and higher Gender Female Race All races Life Stage Adult Birth Era Generation X and Y Family size 1-2 and more Residence Tenure Rents or Owns Household Income irrelevant Education Occupation Cryptographic Personality family-centered Values Family, parenting, housework Table 1 .Target Market Analysis Compiled by Author To do this, P would be doing what it had never done previously: heading with the corporate brand. It would put P before the brands that individuals love and trust. Surprisingly, P would be focusing on its center crowd, women 18+, with a brand battle from an organization that most had never given more than a passing suspected. For this activity, the target demographic was the 85 million mothers that live in the U. S. P, through its brands, has a 170 or more year history of engaging mothers to be their best and likes the commonplace reparations mot. . 2. MIMIC objectives of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign The general promoting correspondences methodology was to make a valid association for P to the Olympic Games in a manner that would permit it to emerge from different supporters. From the beginning, the association in the middle of P and the Olympic Games did not exist. P is not in the matter of sports gear or games drinks. Anyway, for more than 170 years, P has been in the matter of helping mothers. Along these lines, while the various backers concentrated on praising the competitors, P would praise the mothers behind the players.The PR arrangement of substantial demonstrations of administration was Judged the establishment of the project. The deliberation s showed that ‘P&G Proud Sponsor of Moms' was not a smooth promoting line but instead an authentic route for buyers to e acquainted with P and the way its brand motivation behind ‘touching and enhancing lives all the more totally' aides its activities as an organization. Objectives: 1 . Make a Love Mark. To get women 18+ to choose P (and therefore P brands). Create a stronger emotional connection to P and its individual brands through the Olympic experience. . Generate more than 1 billion impressions during the Olympic and Paralytic Games. Own positive corporate/brand coverage. 3. The most important objective was sales. P aimed big with an unprecedented global incremental sales goal from its Olympics marketing program. . 3. Integrated Sponsorship, for an organization, comprises in supporting a game occasion, a group or a player. This is a correspondence structure that plans to strengthen brand mindfulness create a picture related to the accomplice values.The advancement of Olympic Games sponsorship originates from charity to business. In fact, at first, backers should account the Olympic Games and today, it is more about them to get cash from the promoting they make tossed this occasion. P has supported Team USA at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver and it was the starting point for a successful marketing communication campaign. Public Relations The main distinctive quality of PR is high credibility – news stories and features are more authentic and credible to readers than ads (Kettle and Keller, 2009).Today, if you enter the name of the company (thanks Mom) in the search engine Google, it will give 6,350,000 results. Every woman admires P & G, athletes and respected marketers and Journalists are trying to analyze a given campaign. Word-of-Mouth Word of mouth is very Influential MIMIC tool, because people trust others they know and respect. In addition, word of mouth can be a very intimate dialogue that reflects arsenal facts, opinions, and e xperiences.Again, word of mouth occurs when people want it to and are most interested, and it often follows noteworthy or meaningful events or experiences (Kettle and Keller, 2009). Inside the structure of the fight Ð’Â «Thank you MomÐ’Â », Procter & Gamble likewise offered a Ð’Â «Thank you Mum GiftÐ’Â » to a few moms of Olympian. For some of them, it was the main answer for watch their kid contending at the Olympics. Procter & Gamble likewise made the P Family Home, a spot in the Olympic Village where the players and their families can unwind and appreciate a minute together.Inside the Family Home, the Procter & Gamble gathering could upgrade some of its leader brands, with the Pampers Playground, clothing administrations, an excellence and preparing focus et cetera. There is additionally a magnanimous part where the organization focuses on helping mothers raise the up and coming era of competitors through the formation of its P Team USA Youth Sports Fund. Purchaser s are welcome to backing through social engagement, gifts and support in brand programs from items, for example, Pampers, Tide, Gillette and other.Social Media Picture of Branding Champions: P's Winning Sponsorship of the 2012 Olympic Games speaking of emotive, P&G propelled the foundational segment of its sponsorship, Ð’Â «Thank You, Mom,Ð’Â » around Mother's Day with a two-moment film called Ð’Â «Best JobÐ’Â » that was imparted online and through Youth. The film profiles moms in distinctive nations assisting their youngsters their aggregate trips to achieve the apex of wellbeing, ability and physicality at the Olympic Games while participating in practices that require P items, for example, washing the dishes and doing clothing.  «Best JobÐ’Â » was repressed into organizations proper for TV spots and viral imparting and has been seen by very nearly 13 million customers as everywhere as possible. P further engages purchasers to experience the conclusion and th ank their mothers with a Backbone application that has been utilized to respect more than 30,000 mothers and numbering. 1. 4. Measuring MIMIC Outcomes of â€Å"Thank you Mom† campaign arrangements, creating 2. 6 billion impressions and pulled in sparkling scope from The Today Show, The New York Times and other top national media.A standout amongst the most generally acclaimed crusades of 2010, the completely incorporated Thank You Mom' battle brought about almost $100 million in incremental deals for P&G and the organization's most elevated total U. S. Piece of the pie for the financial year in the JEFF quarter. Business Building Results: The 2010 Olympic Winter Games sponsorship conveyed exceptional business and brand-building results for P: Over $100 million in incremental P deals, P's most astounding total U. S. Ice of the pie for the financial year in the JEFF quarter when the P&G Olympic Games sponsorship was broadcasting live. In view of the accomplishment of the Vancou ver program, P&G turned into a worldwide OIC TOP purport and wanted to execute and stretch the system universal. Marketing Results: Proud Sponsor of Moms' campaign unified 18 brands into a holistic, multi-brand campaign P value was essentially enhanced among the intended interest group of mothers PR Results: 6 billion purchaser impressions from publicizing, computerized and advertising, with 2. Billion accumulated from PR deliberations, More than 2,800 situations including immersion crosswise over national TV shows (e. G. , Today Show, Good Morning America, Entertainment Tonight, BBC World News Tonight) and significant print outlets (e. . , The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today, Associated Press, People Magazine, Redbook Magazine, US Magazine and the sky is the limit from there), Coverage in 24 of main 25 DAM (Designated Market Area) markets, First time in P history that unearned media garnered more impressions than paid media.The American Red Cross is an others conscio us affiliation that gives emergency support, disaster help and direction inside the United States. Since its securing in 1881 by visionary pioneer Clara Barton, the American Red Cross has been the nation's head emergency response affiliation. As a peculiarity of a general advancement that offers unprejudiced sympathetic attention to the losses of war, the American Red Cross divides itself by similarly supporting setbacks of decimating standard cataclysms.As the years progressed, the affiliation has developed its organizations, constantly with the purpose of balancing and mitigating continuing. Today the American Red Cross offers profits in five separate areas: gathering profits that help the penniless; trades organizations and comfort for military parts and their relatives; the get-together, planning and dissemination of blood and blood things; educational undertakings on preparation, wellbeing, and security; and overall lightening and progression programs.Coordinated Marketing Comm unications Plan of the Red Cross coordinates all channels, including intelligent/computerized promoting, out-of- home advertising, social, and portable showcasing to fortify the Red Cross brand and expand fiscal gifts among the biggest and most influential era to ever grow up – the Millennial. 2. 1. Target audience of American Red Cross campaign There Millennial serve as the essential focus for the ARC Integrated Marketing Communications plan.Their potential using force and social impact are unmatched, ND they speak to the biggest open door for the Red Cross (Table 2). Market Parameter Breakdown Geographic region Primary emphasis on major coastal cities Urban 18-31 Male and Female Generation Y/Millennial Socioeconomic Income $1 5,000+ Bachelor's Degree or Greater High managerial and innovative Captivated, eager, extroverted, tech-sharp, incline subordinate, family-focused, autonomous Market Parameter Family/group turned, status-driven, cash cognizant, exceptionally energetic Table 2.Target Market Analysis According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, more than 80% Millennial lived in cities. In the United States, major cities are mainly on the coast. People of this generation are in the age group born in 1979 until 1994, I. E. Most of them in 2010 were already adults. Representatives of Generation X are very energetic and creative. Are not conservative, but have high family values. Older age group of generation is already married, have a stable income and personal possessions. . 2. MIMIC objectives of American Red Cross campaign The American Red Cross entered the final quarter of 2009 with a financing shortfall Their deliberations to close the pay hole had been ruined by lower than foreseen peaceable offering because of an absence of significant Ð’Â «top news storyÐ’Â » debacles an the nation's monetary emergency. Circular segment needed to catch a more noteworthy offer of occasion and year-end giving so as to meet their yearly plan objective.Th e key test: Most benefactors think about the Red Cross as the association to backing when a real catastrophe hits. Few would relate the occasion with providing for the Red Cross. Also they be going after offer of brain and wallet – against other settled philanthropy battles that have gotten to be occasion customs. Also they needed to work quick. They started arranging the procedure, imaginative and media in mid-September for a Thanksgiving dispatch. Everything organization need to set goals, destinations are vital they center associations.Organizations that have particular points are typically more effective than those that do not; on cacao of a business with targets realizes what it is attempting to accomplish. Goals might be set in every aspect of the business e. G. Deals, generation, back and promoting. Destination that takes after SMART is more prone to succeed on the grounds that I clear (specific) so you know precisely what needs to be attained. You can tell when has be en attained (measurable) in light of the fact that you have an approach to measure fruition.A SMART goal is liable to happen in light of the fact that it is an occasion that is achievable. Before setting a SMART target applicable variable, for example, assets and time were considered to guarantee that it is realistic. At long I the timescale component gives a due date which helps individuals concentrate on the undertakings needed to accomplish the target. The timescale component stops individuals putting off undertaking fulfillment. Objectives: 1 . Increase revenues by 20% by 2010, and thereby to reduce the deficit in the budge 2. Increase ARC share of holiday/year-end donations.Present a convincing defense for the desperation of providing for the Red Cross in a non-debacle setting. Make a Red Cross organization to collect donations not only during natural hazards by 201 3. Increase awareness of the organization several times during the campaign. 4. Enter an online donation to the c ommon practice of the people during the campaign 2. 3. Marketing MIX of American Red Cross campaign Curve's general system was to make an Ð’Â «encompass soundÐ’Â » impact in the immemorial center amid the season in which contributors are most slanted to give.Into this timeline, they outlined and embedded a multi-channel battle that was a crossover of immediate reaction and marking intended to lift all out reaction. Americans see the Red Cross as the association they rely on in a fiasco. Earnest needs and human enduring persuade them. Anyway, the then-current situating line (Ð’Â «Change a life. Starting with your own. Ð’Â ») did not address ARC's unique quality. The required another subject for the battle that would pass on the desperation of the

Degree Plan Essay

For as long as I can remember I wanted to be a police officer. As a little boy, what caught my attention were the flashing lights and sirens on the police cars. It could have also been then the facts that police officer were permitted to carry a gun and had the ability to run red lights. This is why as I grew up and played games like cops and robbers, I was always the police officer. During my teenage years, I later joined the auxiliary police officer and started to learn about police work. That’s when I realized that a police officer was nothing like I thought. I started to understand the role of the police was not as a symbol of power, but one of peace. I started to understand that society needed law enforcement measures to uphold the laws that have been set for our city`s and county’s. I also learned that a police presence was the best tool in deterring crime and creating a safe environment for everyone. Police officers are in the community for all the right reasons, to educate us as children and educate our parents on safety. They were there when my friends and family needed them. Not only for the worse of times, but in the best as well. To me, police officer were my hero`s and I wanted to be one of them in order to be able to return to the community and provide the service and knowledge I’ve gained over the years of growing up pursuing my dreams of being a police officer. Although I’ve always wanted to be a police office, since I am human and had to grow from a boy to a man, I have made mistakes in my life growing up by allowing peer pressure got the best of me in some aspects. Although I did my best to overcome the pressures of high school, by distancing myself from those bad influences that is when I opened my eyes to figure out what do I want out of life and that I need to put me first and pursue my career. In September of2012 I decided to pursue my education for my children so I wrote down some options on a career change. So I looked into Empire College and saw that I can take online classes to pursue a degree and work at my leisure because I am a full time father and work two jobs so I don’t really have time. I would like to do this for my family so I am going to have to work hard so I can conquer my goals. So I am starting out with my associate’s degree I have registered for several classes; this has been a big challenge since I haven’t been in school for about ten years. But in order for me to continue my dream of being a police officer by monitoring society I have to work a little hard and I will conquer this challenge for my family. I would love to become a police officer. It is a good job even though it’s a risky job depending on where you are working, but it is worth it. It has good benefits and a reasonable salary. Most important is that I think it will be a challenging and rewarding career, and I think with my natural curiosity and desire to solve problems that I will be good at this. Ever since I was a little kid I have always been fascinated with becoming a police officer. Doing justice the right way and making sure that people obey government laws the right way is the kind of job I would like to pursue. This job is becoming a police officer. First semester I have taken Creative Writing, intro to biology , Western Civilization these classes are helping me get my associates degree Second semester I am registered for Corrections in American systems, degree planning, introduction to Algebra. These classes have helped me study and look into society instead of just getting thrown into a position that I have no clue about. Writing and Reading class; was not one of my favorite but it gave me some ideas on understanding what I was reading and to elaborate on my writing. I enjoyed the compare and contrast short essays that I needed to write. I work as an EMT for Lutheran Medical so I love Biology. My job is interesting right now I am in Brooklyn where all the action is; I love to help people and love the action every day. It wants to make Brooklyn and there is action every day that is what I like I love helping people and I love the action. To be a police officer I want to change this society around; since I was a child I remember listening to the sirens out the window or a police officer chasing two kids because the stole an elderly woman handbag . This by far is not an easy job! But this is a very serious job, every job is different and the way society is today you can never trust anybody. I am continuing school so I understand and have an education. Working in /for our society today can be extremely difficult and I am a firm of an education to become a police officer. I might not use Shakespeare if there is a robbery but maybe I can distract him with a poem. Going to class again also will help me get back into routine you need routine also you need to be educated and healthy. This is a serious job I feel that Police Officers are protecting our society everyday all day long. Officers do carry a lot on their shoulders they witness a lot and some jobs can be worse than others. I have learned that College is very time consuming it’s a full time job I am ready to receive some help from my counselor about the requirements that I would need to conquer my dreams . This isn’t just any job this to make sure your society is safe and everyone understands. I do think it is important to have an education level. I have had about 10 years’ experience with police officers and fire department. I wouldn’t trade it for the world; in a firm believer in succeeding what I like to do and knowing what to do. So I know I am starting at late but I really hope this second semester I do well so I can run off and start my career and enjoy it. I am trying my hardest to get all these done so I can just be in the action. It’s almost over that’s why it’s important to work hard and continue your education. Please remember it’s never too late to follow your dreams!

SAP APPEAL

My attention and time were constantly strained by all of the extensive materials required by the courts in this case. Moreover the date of my trial was changed several times dragging through this past summer and all of this is behind me now. Am looking forward to starting college again and experiencing some positive growth in my life and career, ND to also set a good example for my daughter as I am a single parent trying to make a difference.My desired outcome of my financial aid appeal is to be approved which means to have another chance at finishing college because if don't get this chance again I know for a fact that I will never finish college, as work a minimum wage job and have a child to take care of, and I want to better our life. I understand will be put on financial aid probation. I feel very nonevent that I am able to continue my coursework and improve my academic progress.I intend to register and repeat the coursework in the classes that failed. I will also use the assign ment planner to help me stay on track. Am enclosing a part of my divorce decree showing when we got separated and when moved out DCE 201 2 but we were having problems way before that, and my daughters surgery follow up appointment date. Appreciate you time, understanding, and consideration of this request. Thank you in advance.

Dead Poet Society Essay

Is living a crime? Is choice unacceptable? Is suicide typical? Reading this is so simple but going through it is much harder than we think. Forgetting your best friend who suicided, having your close relative killed and been alone was Charlie’s life. â€Å"The perk of being a wallflower† directed by Stephen Chbosky is an astonishing film which involves youngster entering the world of adulthood. Beginning a new year of high school here Charlie finally befriends Sam and Patrick and through this we explore the themes of self-realisation and loneliness. Self-realisation and loneliness is conveyed in both films; Directed by Peter Weir Dead Poet society is a story of a teacher called Mr Keating who makes his students releases the ability they have in them. The film â€Å"Perk of being a wallflower† definitely reinforces the themes in â€Å"Dead poet Society†. Loneliness is deeply attached and expressed early in Charlie’s life. It is shown by him not participating in any class activities. The camera angel that supports this statement is an eye-level shot where Charlie is sitting in class backed down on his chair. This symbolises that he is too afraid to speak out. The body language is dull with a lower self-esteem. Similarly, in Dead Poet Society Todd a shy and insecure guy who is too afraid to come out of his shell. The camera shot used is close-up where Todd’s facial expression is conveyed by tension and fear. So, therefore both films definitely share a similar theme. â€Å"Things change. And friends leave. Life doesn’t stop for anybody. † Being intensely devoted to his past Charlie stopped realising who he really is. Every step he took he remembered the past, and that past has stopped his life in one motion; stress and alone. Fortunately, with help from his friend Sam he realises that life is full of happiness and freedom. The Camera Angle used is Medium shot where Charlie is standing on the truck bed, with his hands open, he learns that he can go on with life without being scared, because he is more than a wallflower. Furthermore, Self-realisation in Dead Poet Society is shown by Todd at the end of the film where he is confident and fearless. He seizes the day by standing on his desk as a symbol of his respect to Mr Keating. The camera Angle used is low angle shot of Todd which makes him look powerful and full of dignity. Confident, happiness and self-realisation taught both Todd and Charlie that life keeps going so. So, therefore, again the perk of being a wallflower has expressed similar themes as Dead poet society. To conclude, both films had similarities and differences but overall the same themes; Themes of self-realisation and loneliness. The perk of being a wallflower and Dead poet society show us lives of teenagers that are sometimes unseen and the way they overcome each obstacle. So, what would you do if you were in this situation? Because in life people like Mr Keating or Sam aren’t always there. So my friends seize the day your own way.

ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE - Essay Example It becomes imperative to understand the prospective alliance and build an atmosphere of consensus and co-operation between the members to avoid obstacles in the progress. Obstacles may crop up due to racial discrimination, cultural bias, stereotype approach, abilities, orientation, sexual assaults, harassment, communication abilities, accent, grammar, spoken skills, language command, presentations, self-presentation, outgoing temperament, sincerity, dedication for work, knowledge, outlook, understanding and beliefs which could impede team work to convene the common objective(s). These obstacles could be surmounted through excellent leadership and coalition. Essentially, diversification in culture could turn out to be a boon, as understanding for the culture paves the way for venturing into the new communities and thereby expanding the global network and domain. It could turn out to be highly advantageous if dealt appropriately. Present epoch witnesses it as the need of the time and organizations start speculating to hire people belonging to different cultures. A feeling of humane is essential to overcome the obstacles, moreover, psychological dealing s and analysis could take the organizations far beyond their set objectives and could potentially bring

Marketing of nuclear power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing of nuclear power - Essay Example Now looking at the future of the world energy market is to consider trends in energy consumption at the end use sector level. With the exception of the transportation sector which is almost universally dominated by petroleum products at present, the mix of energy use in residential and business sector (commercial & industrial) can vary worldwide from country to country depending on the combination regional factors such as the availability of the energy resources, the level of economic development and political, social and demographic factors. Now the worldwide energy market is expected to increase on an average by 2% per year over the forecast period from 2002 to 2025, slightly lower than the 2.2% average annual growth rate from 1970 to 2002. Total energy use is projected to grow from 412 quadri billion British thermal unit(Btu) in 2002 to 645 quadri billion Btu in 2025. Emerging economies account for much of the projected growth in marketed energy consumption over the next two decades with energy use in this group be more than double by 2025.Economic activity as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) is purchasing power parity terms, is expected to expand 5.1% per year in the emerging economies as... s expected to expand 5.1% per year in the emerging economies as compared with 2.5% per year in mature market and 4.4% in transitional market economies. On the basis of consumption: Domestic or Residential sector: The residential sector is defined by the energy consumed in household excluding transportation uses. The type of energy used by household varies from country to country depending on income levels, natural resources and available energy infrastructures. Households in mature market economies use energy more intensive than those in less developed economies primarily because of higher income level. In Mexico, country's residential energy consumption projected to increase by 3.4% per year in USA it is 1.6% while in Western Europe it is expected to increase by 0.4% per year from 2002 to 2025.Residential electricity use in transitional economies is projected to grow nearly double in the projected period of 2002 to 2025. Household energy use is projected to increase most rapidly in the emerging economies in the coming decades. In this region the population growth and urbanization will increase and create a larger demand for residential energy services. As a result the emerging economies in 2025 are projected to nearly equal the mature market economies in residential energy use. Business segment: a. Commercial sector: Often referred as the services sector or the services and institutional sector, consists of business organization that provides services. Due to slow rate of population growth in mature market as a whole expected demand in this region projected to grow by 1.9% per year from 2002 to 2025. Many countries in transitional economies expected to see their population decline during the period 2002 to 2025; commercial sector electricity consumption is projected