Art Analysis free essay sample

Is it the creation itself or is it a combination of elements that make a piece a good piece of art. Artist use elements to add depth and meaning to the pieces they create. Artist such as Vincent Van Gogh, Sol LeWitt, Diego Velazquez, and Edward Hopper all had pieces that they used different forms to help capture the attention of the viewer and express their true meaning with the techniques they used in their portraits. Van Gogh and LeWitt both used lines and shapes to express themselves in their works The Starry Night and Wall Drawing No. 81. Van Gogh’s portrait shows many circular motions, which indicate the lines he was using were revealing how erratic he must have felt at this time. This seems to be just the opposite of LeWitt’s piece Wall Drawing No. 681. LeWitt used lines that were precise, controlled, mathematically rigorous, logical and rationally organized (Sayre, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Art Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These lines reveal that LeWitt was striving for perfection. This was not what Van Gogh was striving for. Unlike Van Gogh, LeWitt was trying to capture an idea where as, Van Gogh seems to have been expressing himself, his inner feelings. LeWitts piece is more architecturally geared. In Wall Drawing No. 681 LeWitt shows structure.The lines are not broken the lines come together, perhaps a representation of the LeWitts way of living. Even though all artist use lines in their pieces some artist, such as Diego Velazquez, use space they have to tell a story. In Diego Velazquez piece he organized his space within the painting to make it seem as though the characters were looking back at the viewer. Even within his vanishing point Velazquez uses the space to represent distance between the focal point of the portrait and the viewer.The reflection of the mirror also indicates that someone is looking from the outside into the portrait. Interesting how the placements of the person leaving the room and the mirror reflection can capture depth. Also the fact, that the artist paints the back of a canvas reveals that the images are looking out as we are looking in. By capturing the concept of the images looking out as the viewer is looking in the Velazquez was able to show the linear perspectives.Velazquez used the two dimensional technique to place the figures within his portrait which allowed the viewer to see the difference in space and placement of the figures which allow the viewer to feel as though he/she is looking in while the artist is lo oking out. Just as these artists were using lines, shapes, and dimensions, some artist will use color and light to capture and give meaning to their works. Edward Hopper did just this in his piece Nighthawks. With the use of light and color Hopper captures the focal point of his painting.When he changes the lighting technique we begin to see shadows within the drawing which indicate that less light was applied and the colors begin to darken in these areas as well. Because of the shadowing the viewer may interpret that this time of day could be early morning or early evening. It is not apparent to the viewer whether the shadowing is caused by natural light or from street lights, but the viewer is aware that lighting is causing the shadows and differences in color appearance.All three artists were trying to make different impressions for the viewers and did so using different techniques. Using color, shapes, lines and lighting are an integral part of any portrait. This artist just focused on one particular technique to produce portraits that have captured viewers for years. Some could say it was the talent of the artist, but it’s the way the artist used his talent in connection with these techniques that make the pieces a work of art.

Lysistrata by Aristophanes - Old Greek Comedy

Lysistrata by Aristophanes - Old Greek Comedy (Pronounced both ways, Liz-IS-trata and Lyzis-TRA-ta, Lysistrata is an anti-war comedy written by the fifth century Greek comic playwright Aristophanes.) Anti-War Sex Strike Lysistrata: And not so much as the shadow of a lover! Since the day the Milesians betrayed us, I have never once seen an eight-inch gadget even, to be a leathern consolation to us poor widows.... Now tell me, if I have discovered a means of ending the war, will you all second me?Cleonice: Yes verily, by all the goddesses, I swear I will, though I have to put my gown in pawn, and drink the money the same day.....Lysistrata: Then I will out with it at last, my mighty secret! Oh! sister women, if we would compel our husbands to make peace, we must refrain...-Lysistrata selection from EAWC Anthology Lysistrata Plot The basic plot of Lysistrata is that the women barricade themselves in the  acropolis and go on a sex strike to persuade their husbands to stop the Peloponnesian War. Fantastic Reversal of Societal Norms This is fantasy, of course, and was even more improbable at a time when women didnt have the vote and men had ample opportunities to whet their sexual appetites elsewhere. The sexual theme is just an attention-grabber. ... [T]he comedy neatly inverts spaces and boundaries the women turn the city into an extended household and seize control of the actual polis not as intruders but as reconcilers and healers. He [sc. Konstan] demonstrates how the womens visions and concepts surpass the fractious politics and warfare of the men.- From BMCR review of David Konstans Greek Comedy and Ideology Making Lysistrata even more far-fetched, according to Brian Arkins in Sexuality in Fifth-Century Athens, (1994) Classics Ireland, an Athenian male could be held incompetent at law for being under the influence of a woman. So, had Aristophanes plot been the historical reality since the women actually do get their way all the Athenian soldiers might have lost their legal rights for being under their wives power. Control of the War Chest Lysistratas band of chaste wives is supplemented by a band of older women who have taken the acropolis in order to  deny the soldiers access to the funds they need to wage war. When the Athenian men approach the acropolis, they are surprised by the number and determination of the women. When they express concern that the Spartans will destroy their city, Lysistrata assures them that women are all they need for defense. Womens Work Lysistrata uses an analogy from the mundane world in which ancient women lived to explain how their strategies will work: First you wash the city as we wash the wool,575cleaning out the bulls**t. Then we pluck away the parasites; break up strands that clump together, forming special interest groups; Heres a bozo: squeeze his head off. Now youre set to card the wool: use your basket for the carding, the basket of solidarity.580There we put our migrant workers, foreign friends, minorities, immigrants and wage-slaves, every person useful to the state. Dont forget our allies, either, languishing like separate strands. Bring it all together now, and585make one giant ball of yarn. Now youre ready: weave a brand new suit for all the citizens.- Lysistrata Lysistrata Makes the Peace After a while, the women grow weak with unsatisfied libido. Some claim they need to get home to their chores, although one is caught trying to escape to a brothel. Lysistrata assures the other women it wont be long; their husbands are in worse shape than they are. Soon men start showing up, trying everything to persuade their women to release them from their pointedly visible torments, but to no avail. Then a Spartan herald arrives to make a treaty. He, too, is very plainly suffering the priapism rampant among Athenian men. Lysistrata acts as go-between Sparta and Athens. After accusing both sides of dishonorable behavior, she persuades the men to agree to stop fighting. Male Female Actors The original comedy manipulated gender roles. Besides women acting like men (having political clout), there were men acting like women (all actors were male). The male characters wore large, erect leather phalluses like the one whose absence (see opening quote) Lysistrata laments. The convention of male actors playing female roles does appear to intrude into the text, just as it may have intruded into the performance. Femininity is represented by Aristophanes as the site of the ultimate comic figure: completely deceptive because she is not real at all. She must be given shape by a man, and everyone knows that.- From BMCR Review of Taaffes Aristophanes and Women Ancient/Classical History GlossaryGreek MythologyAncient AtlasGods and Goddesses A-ZFamous Ancient People (bbk.ac.uk/hca/classics/gender.htm) Aristophanes BibliographyFrom Diotima, scholarly work on Aristophanes. what Aristophanes must have gone through. Accessed 09.1999.(http://didaskalia.open.ac.uk/issues/vol2no1/withers.html) Writing New Ancient TheaterBy Paul Withers, from Didaskalia. Metaphor, simile, meter, unity of time and place are all ancient dramatic components that can be made use of in modern drama with classical themes. Accessed 09.1999.(http://didaskalia.open.ac.uk/issues/vol2no1/Rabinowitz.htm) The Male Actor of Greek Tragedy: Evidence of Misogyny or Gender-Bending?Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz doesnt believe it. She thinks the audience regarded the male actor as neither the man he was in real life, nor the woman he represented, but a representation of the woman. Accessed 09.1999.Guide for Aristophanes LysistrataFrom Temple University. Pages refer to text used in Greek Drama and Culture class. Contains plot summary and suggestions to make the play more entertaining like reading Lampito as a hillbilly. Accessed 04.21.2006.

Organizational Behavior & Human Resource Management Coursework

Organizational Behavior & Human Resource Management - Coursework Example This would eventually boost the basis of the workplace sanity that the employees look forward to receiving in the coming times, and the manner under which proper procedures and codes are followed. What is important here is the fact that the team domains should be highlighted as they work towards bonding the employees more than anything else. The team effectiveness is manifested by a sense of doing things right for the sake of the organization and properly aligning them to achieve results that are deemed as attainable right from the very beginning. Therefore team effectiveness is directly dependent on how the team environment has come about within the workplace and how this will mean long term results for it. (ii) The organizational and team environments depend on the role of the top management as to how the same will manifest their incorporation. What is important is the fact that the team environment does bring about team effectiveness in the long range scheme of things. This is som ething that is seen as an important undertaking of the organizational and team environment domains because the employees’ undertakings are taken into account. ... The element of righteousness within the organizational and team environment would mean that the team effectiveness exists for all the correct reasons. This is much needed as it will help develop the organization as a whole and let it grow even further in the times to come. 2) Explain what can organizations do to increase the effectiveness of the financial rewards? (i) The organizations can increase the effectiveness of the financial rewards by telling the employees what it expects of them in the long run, and how they shall go about doing things the organizational way to achieve maximum success, both personally as well as professionally. This will ensure that the financial rewards are the drivers behind the organizational hard work and commitment shown by the employees. They will give in their best to achieve maximum mileage and value for the sake of the organizations that they work for and thus manifest their long term commitment with them in the sheer sense of the word. The effecti veness of the financial rewards can also be increased if there are proper procedures and codes behind these incentives in place. This shall tell the employees that they are being looked after well and that their work realms are being monitored in an adequate way. What this will eventually do is to build up trust and confidence in the employees that if they go out of their way and manifest hard work and devotion towards the work processes, tasks and actions, they will be given their due in terms of the financial rewards that have been decided by the organizations. (ii) The role of the organizations in increasing the effectiveness of the financial rewards is such that it wants to

FaceBook And Romantic Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FaceBook And Romantic Relationships - Essay Example A recent debate over a local radio station caught my attention when the discussion revolved around a woman who felt cheated and silly over a love affair that started over the face book and hardly lasted two months before she invited the lover (man) into her place of residence. She only learnt that after engaging in romance that the man left her, no more communication while she could easily identify that the man was now hooked up in another romantic relationship over the social media. The phone calls that were made into the studio in contribution to the motion surprised me the more on how many people fall into the trap of exposing their romantic lives over the social media and only to fall prey to such ‘romantic stalking’ persons whose intention is only to have personal gratification and nothing of a long lasting relationship. This therefore gave me the challenge to research deeper into the long lasting effects that Face book, among many other social media has to persons especially concerning romantic relationships. This paper hence intends to evaluate the impacts of face book to personal lives and how such negative effects can be dealt with the ever-increasing need to have face book for ease of communication and keeping circles of friends. Justification Social media has been acknowledged in the past for the positives it brought about in people’s lives especially in matters of communication and sharing of information. It was highly accepted that face book in particular has attracted very many people who find it cheap and convenient manner to keep circles of friends when compared to the means that were in use previously such as through mails, print and digital media as well as through telephone services. Face book was credited of communicating with millions of friends worldwide through just the click of the mouse at once convenience. Equally, receiving feedback from face book is such an easy task as compared to the other communication ways hen ce the ease of adoption (Vitak, Ellison and Steinfield, 2011). Nevertheless, despite such numerous advantages in use of face book, the social plat form has continuously faced critiques because of the increasing negatives that are stemming from the same. For instance, the increasing exposure of personal information through posting personal profiles online increasingly put people into threats such as security and such. People are increasing becoming targets of cyber crime due to the personal information that one shares on the platform. One emerging trend is the use of face book to establish and maintain romantic relationships. Technology has been blamed on failing to conceal personal sensitive information and as such exposing such an individual to high risks. Therefore, this study would be timely in that it would look into detail the impact of face book on personal lives with special attention to romantic relationships and evaluate probable solutions to such shortcomings (Flynn, nd; R aalte et al, nd). Literature review There are various studies that have been done in regard to the revolution that face book and such social platforms have brought in people’s lives. This section therefore looks into some different studies that have been done in the past and establish their contributions to the study topic under analysis. Utz and Beukeboom sought to understand the effect of social media into romantic relationships concerning happiness and jealousy. They pointed out that social network sites expose too much of individual romantic relationship information which has both positive attributes (happiness) as well as negative attributes (jealousy) associated with it. The emotional traits associated

Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Networking - Essay Example Not everyone in this kind of social community would be a good member and follow the ethical rules of the online community. And as the interaction is not physical in nature but virtual, people start making negative use of this fact and break the moral and ethical values and boundaries of the social networking community and society as a general. Brief Definition and Description of Social Networking Social interaction taking place over the internet is called social networking and the platforms that support this activity are the social networking websites. These websites’ main purpose is to create an online community consisting of internet users who are free from the issues of distance, time and cultural differences and interact with each other and share all kinds of information from personal experiences to general opinions. Through these websites, users usually establish an online connection with known persons like their family members, friends, office colleagues and many more. B ut they may also get connected to unknown persons who may be different from them in terms of race, religion, nationality and the like but became friends due to common interest. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 304). Currently there are many websites catering the purpose of social networking. One such website is called Facebook.com and it is the website which has been ranked first as the total minutes per month spent by users on this website exceeds 14 billion. There are other popular websites also such as: MySpace.com, LinkedIn.com and Twitter, each one catering the interests of users in their own particular ways. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 305). General Ethical Issues Social networking gives rise to the following ethical issues: 1. Cyberbullying: Social networking websites allow cyberbullying to occur in the easiest manner. This kind of activity is usually done by females who are students in their mid- teens. Cyberbullying is an harassment in which a person or a group mentally tortures other persons o r groups, and humiliates them or threatens them by putting online any private or embarrassing or threatening information that may harm them. Statistics show that the major negative effect of cyberbullying is that the victim may commit suicide as it may give him severe mental torture. 2. Cyberstalking: This activity is the adult version of cyberbullying in which similar activities of sending threatening emails, stalking each others information and then misusing it online. Research reveals that there are 50 to 500 requests per day for help from victims of cyberstalking. 3. Uploading of Inappropriate Material: Videos and images that depict violence or vulgarity are not permitted by many social networking websites through their policies. The terms and policies of the website also state that any user violating the policies and terms would get his account deleted or deactivated by the website owner. But still these policies are not enough to stop people from uploading such content as webs ites do not have enough resources to monitor the millions of activities of millions of users. Uploading of such content harm the persons who are subject of the content. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 310-313). Business and Social Networking Apart from social interaction and playing games, social networking is also one of the cheapest ways to advertise oneself and his business and all the services and products it offers at a very low cost or totally free. When companies saw the widespread use of social networking websites, it attracted them and they thought of improving their productivity and communication among workers through the use of social net

Crimes And Misdemeanors Analysis Philosophy Essay

Crimes And Misdemeanors Analysis Philosophy Essay Woody Allens film, Crimes and Misdemeanors, explores the different ways that ethics play in the inner workings of the human mind. Throughout the film, the audience witnesses the roles that ethics play in the lives of five different men: Judah Rosenthal, a successful ophthalmologist; Clifford Stern, a struggling documentary filmographer; Lester, a famous producer; Ben, a rabbi whose sense of sight is beginning to fail; and Louis Levy, a philosophical theorist. By the end of the film, each character demonstrates, through his words and actions, how his own system of ethics affects the choices he makes in life. The films first central character to be introduced is Judah Rosenthal, a successful ophthalmologist who seems to be living a perfect life; he is wealthy, successful, and lives with a loving wife. However, despite how he has everything that would seemingly lead to a happy life, he remains troubled by his immoral affair with Dolores Paley, a lonesome woman whom he met years ago. Despite how he managed to keep his affair a secret, Judah realizes that his success is put in danger as Dolores begins to pressure him to make their relationship public. She threatens that unless Judah fulfills her wishes, she would jeopardize him revealing his shady financial transactions and their scandalous affair to the public, including to his wife and friends. Judah must now make a decision that is ultimately an ethical dilemma: he could either do the right thing by confessing his misdeed and hope for the best, which could mean potentially ruining everything hes worked for, or he could save himself the tr ouble by hiring his brother Jack to find someone to murder Dolores and to bring to an end all of his troubles. Though he initially hesitates to do so, Judah ultimately chooses the latter, believing that life is harsh and empty of values and that the murdering of Dolores is the only way he can save himself. As the film progresses, it is revealed that Judah believes that we live in a cold world, where there is no God on whom we can look up to. He states that, God is a luxury that [he] cant afford, and reveals that he would ultimately choose not to confess and beg his wife for forgiveness. In his eyes, such mercy does not exist; he believes that, in the real world, one must do whatever it takes to achieve happiness and success because there exists no higher power to maintain justice. Moreover, one must fend for himself and independently determine what is right, what is wrong, and what is best for him. This ethical system, which prioritizes self-preservation, is what ultimately causes J udah to murder Dolores. On the other hand, Ben, the rabbi, at one point states that Judah maintains a spark of [moral] notion deep inside. This notion, which leads him to know in his heart the morality of his actions, is what causes him to become anxious and tense; it is what reminds him that Dolores isnt just an insect that he can step on. Judah conclusively chooses to murder Dolores, but tries to justify his actions because acted using a utilitarian rationale, protecting his success and doing what is best for the most people. In the end, Judahs decisions and his ethical rationale, which emphasizes self-preservation, have their roots in his view of the life as being cold and harsh. A character that has a minor, but important, role in the film is Ben the rabbi. He serves somewhat as a foil to Judah: as a man of religion, he believes that the world is a lawful and loving place. He believes that the world has a moral structure, with real meaning, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] and a higher power. Without this structure, the world would have no basis to live. Hence, it becomes evident that Ben lives his life according to his system of ethics, which revolves around his faith in the omniscient God. The choices he makes pose no problem for him because he puts all of his faith and trust in a universe that is loving and lawful. When he counsels Judah, he simply tells him that he must simply accept life as it is presented because God will eventually justify everything in the future. The fact that Ben is physically blind has some symbolic significance: he disregards the wickedness and darkness of the world and blindly trusts his faith. Despite the fact that his blind faith may be mistaken, Ben accepts God over truth and believes that it will lead to a better life than all those that doubt. The films second central character is Clifford Stern, a struggling documentary filmmaker. Clifford is also a virtuous man, but in a different manner. Rather than putting all of his faith into one entity or idea, like Ben, Clifford lives by his own terms. He decides for himself what is right or wrong by examining the effects an action has on the world. He spends his time looking at the effects that his words and actions will lead to rather than the happiness or success to come. This is demonstrated through the manner in which Clifford creates his documentaries: he focuses on material that he sees as significant, such as pollution, cancer, and philosophy, rather than trying to earn a quick buck by simply doing what other demand of him. Though Cliffords loving affection for Halley Reed despite his marriage may be seen as being immoral, it is ethically acceptable in his perspective because not only he knows that he and his wife are bound to become divorced, but also because he is trying to find true love with Halley, a pursuit that he considers to be a fundamental aspect of life. It becomes evident that Clifford is an idealist; he is always looking for meaning in both his documentaries and his life, and this ultimately serves as the basis of what he sees as right and wrong. Clifford remains steadfast in his moral beliefs despite how they may stop him from obtaining what he desires most. For instance, he makes Lester appear absurd and shallow in his biographical documentary of him despite how it could have brought Clifford recognition and success. Despite how the film closes with Clifford feeling dejected, he is still portrayed as a man of virtue who remains steadfast in his system of ethics. The films foil to Clifford is a character named Lester, a famous Hollywood producer. His system of ethics mainly relies on whatever makes him the most successful and happy. To Lester, whatever bring the most satisfaction is right while whatever brings failure is wrong. As a result, Lester does whatever he pleases and seems to completely ignores the moral aspect of things. This is particularly the reason why Lester is portrayed as being crude, arrogant, and womanizing. Additionally, Lester is the complete opposite of Clifford when it comes to the significance of the material he produces-he only cares about the ratings because they will grant him wealth, fame, and a closet full of Emmys. Lesters shallow demeanor can be further seen in his seemingly only ethical question in the film when he asks, Am I a phony? Immediately, however, he resolves the troubling though by believing that others are merely jealous of him, and he proceeds to quickly forget about it. The fact that Lester is able to quickly forget about the troubling matter supports the view that he is faced with seemingly no inner conflict due to how he merely accepts what grants him happiness instead of actually considering the moral aspects of his actions. Another character in the film that has a unique ethical system that he abides by is Louis Levy, a philosopher that Clifford features in his documentaries. Levy uses love to judge whether something is right or wrong. He states that only love gives meaning to the indifferent universe. He believes that life is simply a search for the thing that will allow us to survive the indifferent universe and that the actions people take to attain it makes them who they are. But if love is not found and people feel that it isnt worth it anymore, people begin to feel an inner anxiety and pressure. This struggle was what led Levy to commit suicide or go out the window. Hence, by observing the actions and the words of the films different characters, the different types of ethical system and ways people judge right and wrong are revealed. From an examination of each characters distinct set of virtues and ideas of morality, the audience is able to comprehend the nature and the reasoning behind their decisions and actions.

High Heels Essay -- Fashion Shoes Papers

High Heels "To be carried by shoes, winged by them. To wear dreams on one's feet is to begin to give reality to one's dreams." -Roger Vivier Shoes of every make and style are loved by women across the globe but it is the heel, whether stiletto or platform that is coveted, adored, desired in such abundance simply in and of the shoe itself. They're everywhere. They run rampant in books, calendars, photographs, album and movie covers, dangling in miniature precious metal versions from earlobes and chains, women's closets and even their living rooms, and let's not forget their most important place of residence- women's feet. They're a constant obsession in pop culture, endlessly talked about and fetishized in television, movies, song lyrics, and seem to be worn without fail by glamorous celebrities no matter the occasion. The most notorious of the shoe loving pop culture media is of the smash HBO series Sex and the City, in which shoes are one of its main themes. Cast of Sex and the City at http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/0,1518,grossbild-233666-286899,00.html What's in a shoe? Perhaps it was originally intended to protect one's feet from the elements but today the shoe has evolved from its practical origins to grandiose heights, and at the highest level is of course, the high heel. Heels are not something one simply wears on their feet, but a passion, hobby, personal expression, source of authority, sexual independence, staple of gendered feminine culture, mark of flaunted femininity, psychologically empowering, and joy. Women choose to wear high heels for many reasons; the key is that they indeed are the ones who proactively choose to endorse the high heel, often at the expense of their own physical com... ...t the decision to wear high heels is one way to rebel within a system. Women who wear these tall heel it because they like to, for their own pleasure. Whether they like the erotic connotations, excitement, height, delicate structures, dangerous points, phallic penetrative qualities, royal history, haughty independence, aesthetic beauty or a confusing combination of all of that and more, women who love high heels do so of their own volition and desire. Manolo Blahnik, the "high priest of high heels" (Benstock & Ferriss) sums up the patronizing idea that women should be pitied for their chose and love of high heels. He was once asked if he, "ever felt sorry for all those women teetering through their lives on the spikiest of high-heeled shoes," to which he responded, "Oh, my God, how could I feel sorry for them? Sorry. Sorry for who? They love it." (Specter, 388)

Factors affecting women working in the pharmaceutical sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Introduction Thanks to its considerable oil resources, Saudi Arabia has evolved from a relatively poor country to become the world’s dominant oil producer and one of the wealthiest regions in the Middle East. There is international pressure on the rulers to embrace political and social reforms, including enhancing the participation of women within the national workforce. Research Background Interesting findings about working women in adjacent Jordan have been generated by the country’s National Centre for Human Resource Development, which has carried out research into the experience of women workers in the private sector, namely in the Communications, Internet and Pharmaceuticals industries. This research was prompted because of recognition that â€Å"women’s participation in the Jordanian labour market is growing and the fact that women’s participation is often hindered by social perceptions, practices and sometimes legislation† (Peebles, Darwazeh, Ghosheh and Sabbah, 2007). Given the size and scale of Jordan (population approximately 6.5 million) compared with Saudi Arabia (population approximately 27.1 million), it seems likely that some of these hindrances will also apply to Saudi Arabia. The pharmaceuticals industry in Saudi Arabia is the richest in the Gulf region[1] and among the largest of all those in the Middle East: â€Å"Saudi Arabia represents 65%, or $1.7 billion of the pharmaceutical market in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)[2], which is currently valued at $2.7 billion per year[3]† (Issa, Al-Ammar and Mostafa, 2009). Proposal The research proposal is to examine the factors affecting women working in the pharmaceuticals industry, with particular reference to perceived advantages and barriers. It is anticipated that the issues arising will include those touching on human rights, equal opportunities and discrimination; religion and education; legislation, including family law; cultural norms; and also resistance to radical change within the community of Saudi Arabian females. Academic Literature Academic treatises on women in Muslim cultures include a synopsis of literature reviews produced by the Library of Congress (Offenhauer, 2005), which includes chapters on women’s roles in the productive economy as well as in the domestic setting. Maryland University’s Professor in the Department of Business and Executive Programs, Dr. Dorothy Minkus-McKenna, researched entrepreneurship among Saudi Arabian women albeit on an exploratory basis and without the benefit of statistical data, and noted the different ways in which ‘success’ is measured and valued. This provides useful background information about women’s perceptions of their role in the workplace. In a further look at entrepreneurship, another study (Sadi and Al-Ghazali, 2009) sought to establish what motivated women entrepreneurs and pinpointed barriers as being a lack of co-ordination and governmental support; limited competition due to market domination; a dearth of market studies; poor support from the internal community and the general restrictions imposed by society. Whilst limited, the available literature serves to confirm that women in Saudi Arabia struggle to establish themselves in the workplace on an equal footing with men. Overall Aim and Objectives The aim of the research is to identify the key factors that act as obstacles to women working in the pharmaceuticals sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). To achieve this, the focus of the research will be on the pharmaceuticals company, Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries[4], one of the largest research-driven companies producing veterinary, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals products in KSA. The objectives of the research will be to establish: Whether societal and cultural norms in KSA act against women making progress in the workplace. Whether the impact of legislation relating to the workplace has an adverse affect on women. Whether childcare responsibilities interfere with women’s progress in their working lives. Whether financial pressures, and related issues, have a bearing on working women. In relation to the pharmaceuticals sector: Whether there are perceptions that some jobs are more appropriate for women than others. Whether gender bias, marital status, personal appearance and religious discrimination have a bearing on recruitment techniques and practices. Whether there are perceived or real barriers to women achieving management positions. Research Methodology and Methods A number of methods will be used in order to achieve the objectives. Secondary research will establish the required information on cultural and societal norms, and legislation. Primary research will provide the quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to women in the workplace. Participants will be invited to complete a questionnaire without disclosing their name. In this way their anonymity will be protected and it should ensure that they are able to be open and honest about their workplace experiences without any fear of reprisal. Online questionnaires will enable participants with access to a computer to respond relatively quickly and easily, however paper questionnaires can also be issued if this is deemed more suitable for certain members of the sample population. Primary Research A questionnaire designed to elicit the required information will be prepared for workers at the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA). The Authority was established on 10th March 2033 and is charged with ensuring that drugs and foodstuffs manufactured for consumption by humans and animals are safe; this includes chemical and biological substances and also medical equipment. SFDA has been chosen because it has a relationship at some level with all the pharmaceuticals companies in Saudi Arabia, and it also sets the standards and regulations as to how they operate. Questionnaire 1: The survey will include a sample of both male and female workers at SFDA, based on the demographic of people of working age in Saudi Arabia. Current estimates indicate that the ratio of males to females aged 15–64 years is approximately 5:4, however it is not known exactly how many female workers are currently employed at SFDA. Ideally, a sample of 180 employees would include 100 men and 80 women. The questionnaire will ask workers about their educational background prior to employment, to provide information on their current position at SFDA. Data will be gathered on their responsibilities in the workplace, and also those outside work relating to childcare and care of any other dependants. Questions about the impact the job makes on their financial situation will be included. Finally, the questionnaire will seek to establish the career plans of participants and their experiences of training and promotion. Questionnaire 2: Directed at Human Resources (HR) personnel, this questionnaire will ask about participants’ interview techniques when recruiting staff, including the extent to which personal questions about an applicant’s marital status, social status, place of residency and childbearing plans are discussed. Peebles, Darwazeh, Ghosheh and Sabbah (2007) found it was common practice among HR professionals in Jordan to ask personal questions at job interviews, which the staff justified on the basis that this was a way of obtaining information about the character of an applicant, and of determining their suitability for work-related travel or overtime. The questionnaire will ask about the types of jobs, and the opportunities for training and promotion, that are available to men and women, with the intention of determining whether these are on an equal footing. Qualitative information on the perceived commitment levels of female and male employees will also be sought. Other Methods Data collection could also be achieved via a longitudinal study, that is where the researcher spends a considerable period of time embedded in the organisation in order to observe interrelationships and company operations on a day-to-day basis. Structured or semi-structured interviews could be conducted with workers and HR personnel as an alternative to a survey. One or more focus groups could be convened to discuss the findings of the survey, in order to provide enhanced qualitative information. These methods have been considered and rejected as they are either too time-consuming and impracticable. Secondary Research Reports and articles by other researchers concerned with female workers in the Middle East and their work experiences in pharmaceuticals companies will be studied to obtain an overview of the sector and the key issues relating to women workers. Very basic statistical information about SFDA is also available on LinkedIn[5] where a few members of staff are also listed. Data Analysis Information from the questionnaires will be analysed to elicit clear information on the position of women working in pharmaceuticals in KSA – their educational background, experience of recruitment, training and promotion and any barriers they have encountered in terms of their advancement in the workplace. Qualitative information will provide the context for the statistics. Planning and Critical Analysis Permission will be needed from the SFDA Executive Management to conduct the survey among a sample of staff members, and the researcher’s contact person within the company could facilitate this. If permission is not granted, it may still be possible for some members of staff to participate in a private capacity (for example, via LinkedIn) although participants may be hesitant and it may be difficult to attract 180 people by this method. SFDA may wish to alter the wording or the questions in the survey to suit company needs, however any proposed changes will have to be carefully scrutinised by the researcher before any changes are agreed. Alternatively, another pharmaceuticals company could be used, such as Merck Serono, which has a base in Saudi Arabia but company headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and a UK office. Limitations The surveys are limited to a selection of the working population in one specific organisation and although a degree of extrapolation is possible the findings will not represent a comprehensive and in-depth view of the country’s entire pharmaceuticals sector. Timescale Obtaining permissions and approvals and distributing questionnaires will take up to five weeks, with data analysis in week six and writing up of the findings in weeks seven – ten. References: BBC (2012). Saudi Arabia profile. Online. 16th January. [available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14702705] Issa, N.A., Al-Ammar, A.I. and Mostafa, S. (2009) Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industries in Saudi Arabia. American Health Lawyers Association. Minkus-McKenna, D. (2009). Women Entrepreneurs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Working paper. http://bit.ly/yCoxTY Offenhauer, P. (2005). Women in Islamic societies: a selected review of social scientific literature. Report. Library of Congress. Online. [available at: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Women_Islamic_Societies.pdf] Peebles, D., Darwazeh, N., Ghosheh H. and Sabbah, A. (2007) Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in the Private Sector in Jordan. Research Report. National Center for Human Resources Development. Sadi, M. A. and Al-Ghazali, B. M. (2010). ‘Doing business with impudence: A focus on women entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. Research paper.’ African Journal of Business Management Vol. 4(1), pp.1-11, January. Online. [available at: http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM]. Saudi Food and Drug Authority. [available at: http://www.sfda.gov.sa/En/Home/Topics/about/]

Basic American History essays

Basic American History essays The callow new nation of America, like other new countries who preceded and followed it, needed to prove itself to the haughty, more established nations, and ground itself as a power in economics, politics, and commerce. During the 1790s, the mature and dignified manner which America portrayed itself, and its interaction with a tyrannical leader, King George III, shaped American politics, and made foreign powers eventually recognize the importance of America as a participant in world events. In 1783, with the Peace of Paris, the United States first became an organized nation. Europe had little respect for this new country, especially Great Britain, who was still bitter about becoming a former mother country, being defeated in the American Revolution by a spirited and nationalistic, however disorganized militia. The Peace of Paris set terms for the British that they outright ignored. For example, the British were to vacate all of their posts along the frontier. They refused to do so. This what are you going to do about it? attitude made the US realize that creating a nation respected among others would be difficult. Eventually, the British did abide by the treaty, but only after some resistance by American militiamen. This new nation needed a system of government. The Articles of Confederation were drafted as a sort of outline for government. There were some problems with these Articles. Because of the tyrannical mode in which the Americans were governed by the British, the Articles provided for measures against any kind of centralized government where a single man may eventually seize power. The states formed a bond of friendship with each other, rather than becoming a Union, which would require an executive overseer. American had had enough of King-like rulers, and would work against any power or sovereignty that could morph into a kind of monarchy. ...

Free Essays on A Government By The People

A Government By the People†¦Well, Sorta Daniel Webster in his most famous speech before the Senate once said, â€Å"I hope I shall not see written, as its motto, first Liberty, and then Union. I hope I shall see spread all over it, blazoned in letters of light and proudly floating over Land and Sea that other sentiment dear to my heart, ‘Union and Liberty, now and forever, one and inseparable!† This quote was one of the prime reasons in 1830 the West and South did not succeed from the Union. It meant that the government should not give the governed too much liberty that it threatens the stability of the Union. Webster’s speech can be exemplified throughout the body of the United States of America’s system of government. From the written document that is the constitution to each intricate part that makes the government run, there is stability and presence of unity. The chapter entitled, The Desks of the Senate, emphasizes that the Framers of the Constitution and government took Webster’s ideas into consideration when c. They wanted to build a strong government for the people and by the people. â€Å"These creators of a government of the people feared not only the people’s rulers but the people themselves, the people in their number, the people in their passions,† they wished to do this with a balance betwixt the people and the government and within the government itself. No one part of the government is given absolute power. Furthermore, the people are not given absolute power either: â€Å"So the Framers wanted to check and restrain not only the people’s rulers, but the people.† It was James Madison who introduced the idea of the Mischief’s of Faction. Where he said that people would ultimately divide themselves up into groups of similar interests and decide on how government should be run. He proposed that if this were allowed to happen without any restraints there would ultimately be chaos. The Framer... Free Essays on A Government By The People Free Essays on A Government By The People A Government By the People†¦Well, Sorta Daniel Webster in his most famous speech before the Senate once said, â€Å"I hope I shall not see written, as its motto, first Liberty, and then Union. I hope I shall see spread all over it, blazoned in letters of light and proudly floating over Land and Sea that other sentiment dear to my heart, ‘Union and Liberty, now and forever, one and inseparable!† This quote was one of the prime reasons in 1830 the West and South did not succeed from the Union. It meant that the government should not give the governed too much liberty that it threatens the stability of the Union. Webster’s speech can be exemplified throughout the body of the United States of America’s system of government. From the written document that is the constitution to each intricate part that makes the government run, there is stability and presence of unity. The chapter entitled, The Desks of the Senate, emphasizes that the Framers of the Constitution and government took Webster’s ideas into consideration when c. They wanted to build a strong government for the people and by the people. â€Å"These creators of a government of the people feared not only the people’s rulers but the people themselves, the people in their number, the people in their passions,† they wished to do this with a balance betwixt the people and the government and within the government itself. No one part of the government is given absolute power. Furthermore, the people are not given absolute power either: â€Å"So the Framers wanted to check and restrain not only the people’s rulers, but the people.† It was James Madison who introduced the idea of the Mischief’s of Faction. Where he said that people would ultimately divide themselves up into groups of similar interests and decide on how government should be run. He proposed that if this were allowed to happen without any restraints there would ultimately be chaos. The Framer...

Homeland Securtiy. Post-Mortem of the US Governments Response to the Essay

Homeland Securtiy. Post-Mortem of the US Governments Response to the Times Square Cesium Terrorist - Essay Example On the day of the attack, Times Square had its normal amount of visitors and wind conditions were calm. Immediately after the attack, NYPD and NYFD were quick to respond, but later crisis and radiation management efforts by the EPA were slow and hindered rescue efforts. Abstract This memo was created as the result of a post-hoc examination of the Times Square cesium terrorist attack. It aims to highlight the significance of long- and short-term fatalities, cost of property damage, and loss of public confidence in safety as outcomes of radiological attacks; and because of this significance, uses these outcomes to measure the relative success of the federal government’s response to this attack. Furthermore, this memo attempts to highlight areas that could have been improved before the attack to prevent this level of devastation, including better management of existing resources, better protection of existing radiological supplies, and a better understanding of the nuclear terrorist threat. Lastly, this memo aims to highlight the previously unexpected outcome of wind to show the effect confounding variables can have on the federal, state, and local governments’ responses to crises like this. ... Kelly stated that, â€Å"The Committee will undoubtedly agree that the danger presented by modest radiological sources that are comparatively easy to obtain is significant,† (Kelly 2002). In his article â€Å"Nuclear Terrorism Reconsidered†, Gavin Cameron offers an explanation of a terrorist’s motivation to use these weapons by saying, â€Å"The technical feasibility of radiological terrorism make it by far the most likely form of nuclear weapon. [†¦] Radiological weapons would, like nuclear-yield weapons, set a group apart and take its terrorism to a different level† (Cameron 1999). In this quote, Cameron shows why radiological terrorism remains such an appealing style of attack for many terrorists: this type of attack instills the same public fear as a nuclear attack yet is much more technologically in-reach for many terrorist groups. There are several factors that contribute to the effectiveness of a radiological terrorist device. Among these are à ¢â‚¬Å"the amount of material released, the nature of the material, the details of the device that distributes the material, the direction and speed of the wind, other weather conditions, the size of the particles released, [†¦] and the location and size of buildings near the release site† (Kelly 2002). All of these variables are important in the process of assessing the damage caused by an attack and potential evacuation and decontamination plans. Because of these uncertainties, estimations of the impact of such a weapon are extremely inaccurate and difficult to interpret. Outcomes Fatalities Fatalities are the most obvious measureable outcome of a radiological terrorist attack, yet may not be the most informative in this attack. In a radiological attack, fatalities must be divided into short-term and long-term fatalities.

Technology in business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology in business - Assignment Example Taking responsibility for action would be important where working with the customer to find a solution would help the situation. I would also give discount for the next time they visit the cafà ©. I would explain to them that we understand their concern and take responsibility for any inconveniences caused. In doing so, I would explain to them that the children story hour was created due to the customer’s request that have kids. The customers requested the space to enable the children in the community to build a culture of reading and other kids during the summer can read storybooks. The cafà © is built to serve the community at large and would inquire that if they were willing to understand the cafà © situation and program. I would inform him that the cafà © takes his comment with the seriousness it deserves and would come up with an appropriate solution. Finally, I would apologize for the inconvenience by the children and appreciate tis chance for enabling the cafà © to identify a problem that would lead to its growth. I would inform him the cafà © would try to find a separate area for regular customers and a different area for the children and offer discounts for future visits to the cafà ©. The customers viewpoint is unethical about it’s about the rights. The customer has the right to suggest and request anything they please. However, parents also have the right to bring their children anywhere they would want including the cafà ©. To encourage an open line of communication with the customers and still maintain an open forum for the website it is good to appreciate that the event is unusual and that the cafà © values the customers and that the customers will appreciate the business idea of serving the community. The cafà © may decide to open a free forum where customers can be able to leave their comments and suggestions about any issues regarding the cafà ©. All