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The Effect Of Anxiety On An Athletes Performance Psychology Essay

The Effect Of Anxiety On An Athletes Performance Psychology Essay Serious state nervousness is characterized as an inclination to see serious circumstances as compromising and to react to these circumstances with sentiments of fear and tension.(Martens, Vealey Burton, 1990). Serious state uneasiness can be part into psychological and physical segments, subjective being negative mental contemplations and worries about capacity and execution for example hesitation and loss of certainty, with substantial being the physiological reactions to nervousness, for example, expanded pulse and muscle pressure. It is critical to gauge both power and course to decide the impact of uneasiness on a competitors execution as it permits translation of results and can in this manner be utilized to help the competitor to adjust their considerations before an opposition and to improve execution. The force part demonstrates the degrees of serious tension corresponding to components, for example, situational precursors (Woodman Hardy, 2001), and course permits translation of results as facilitative or debilitative to execution (Jones, 1995). The competitor in this investigation is a multi year old female long distance runner. The examination was led when a British Universities Colleges Sport (BUCS) national duathlon title. The occasion included a 3.2km run followed by a 16km bicycle ride and another 3.2km run in which she came twelfth in a period of 54 minutes 52.747 seconds, which was like her past best exhibitions. Results The outcomes for psychological A-state and substantial A-state nervousness from the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) are demonstrated in the table and diagram underneath. The scores can go from 9 (low) to 36 (high) for power, and from - 27 (debilitative) to 27 (facilitative) for course. Intellectual Anxiety Substantial Anxiety Force 19 14 Course - 8 0 The CSAI-2 showed that she had low to medium power subjective tension and this would be somewhat debilitative to her presentation. Conversely, she experienced low physical tension however had a bearing score of 0 implying that the substantial manifestations she felt would influence her presentation neither decidedly nor adversely. In the meeting it was found that she felt that the opposition was very significant yet was not a primary race for her in spite of the fact that there were a great deal of tip top rivals in the race. She likewise included that as it was a BUCS race she felt pressure from her mentor just as herself to do well for the college. The weight helped her inspiration to prop up through the center of the race, which ended up being like her past exhibitions. Before the race she felt stressed however as the race began she continued setting plans to stay aware of individuals and overwhelm different contenders. The race began early which gave her less time to heat up following a hard preparing week paving the way to the race. Regardless of the measure of preparing in the week prior to the race, she said she had high vitality which was useful to her exhibition. Conversation The multidimensional hypothesis of uneasiness (Martens et al., 1990) shows that as subjective nervousness builds, execution will drop. This hypothesis just thought about force, anyway later research prompted the bearing angle (Jones, 1995) being included and tension considered as debilitative or facilitative. Prior to the race, the competitor was feeling low-medium force psychological tension, which should bring about a medium to superior. In any case, the CSAI-2 outcomes showed that the subjective tension she was feeling would detrimentally affect her presentation. Neither physical or psychological tension were viewed as facilitative to execution and research has discovered that guys reliably report higher facilitative discernments than females (Wiggins, 1998). On the off chance that subjective nervousness levels increment excessively high, at that point, joined with raised physiological excitement, could prompt a sensational decrease in execution as clarified by the calamity hypoth esis (Hardy Fazey, 1987). Wiggins (1998) likewise found that psychological force was higher than physical power yet substantial bearing was higher (progressively facilitative) than subjective course. This was obvious with the competitor yet neither part of nervousness was viewed as facilitative. Studies have demonstrated that competitors power of subjective tension is most noteworthy before rivalry and afterward decays essentially from pregame to postgame (Butt, Weinberg, Horn, 2003). This was obvious for the competitor as nervousness facilitated as the race began. Before the race, she was encountering low-medium intellectual tension and felt modestly apprehensive. The principle indications of intellectual uneasiness endured by the competitor were worry about the opposition, the race result and self-question just as worry that others would be frustrated with her presentation. This power and weight helped her vibe persuaded and remain solid, and any nerves vanished once she began the race and positive considerations helped channel her attention on the errand close by. Substantial uneasiness force has been found to vary after some time yet bearing stays stable (Butt et al., 2003). Power was seen as most noteworthy before the game and declined during rivalry. The competitor in this investigation experienced low force physical uneasiness before the opposition yet this was not facilitative or debilitative. The principle indications of physical tension were anxiety, unsteadiness and expanded pulse. It was obvious that the force diminished when the opposition began as the nerves facilitated and she felt vigorous. An investigation of competitors (Hanton, Wadey, and Connaughton, 2005) found that a large number of the weakening indications stayed pervasive following quite a while of numerous rivalries, were accounted for to vary nearer to the occasion and especially at more significant levels of rivalry. The occasion that the information for this investigation was gathered from was for the marathon runners first BUCS rivalry. This shows significantly in the wake of contending in numerous past occasions just as globally, tension was as yet seen as a crippling component towards execution. Another revelation made by Hanton et al. (2005) was that a competitors fundamental daily schedule before an opposition is to be truly arranged over intellectually arranged. Physical availability, for example, heating up and preparing in the development weeks, was found to permit the competitors to contend at a world class level regardless of crippling nervousness manifestations. Be that as it may, when looking at competitors who intellectually arranged and the individuals who didn't, execution was higher in the individuals who had intellectually arranged. An issue for the competitor in this investigation was that because of the race start time being pushed ahead, she didn't have adequate time to truly heat up let alone to intellectually get ready. Neglecting to heat up appropriately may have detrimentally affected her presentation as a warm up can speed up muscle withdrawal and unwinding, expands pulse and blood stream to working muscles, notwithstanding intellectually concentrating on the undertaking close by. The soundness between the CSAI-2 survey before the occasion and the meeting a short time later was solid. The competitor felt low-medium subjective uneasiness from the CSAI-2 including self-questions and worry about the outcome, and this was sponsored up a while later in the meeting when she said that she was concerned and feeling pressure before the race. She additionally expressed that she was experiencing nerves before the race in both the CSAI-2 and the meeting. Ends and Recommendations From the CSAI-2 survey and meeting I can translate that the tension endured by the competitor didn't influence her exhibition adversely. The power of psychological tension was low-medium and substantial uneasiness was low force before the race. An excess of tension would detrimentally affect execution because of high weight, negative musings and attentional narrowing. Too little tension could prompt absence of fixation, concentrating on insignificant signals from nature, outside interruption. I set up that the competitor had moderate degrees of tension which can build exertion as the competitor isn't overwhelmed by pressure. In the meeting after the race she said that any weight and pessimism was engaged onto an uplifting demeanor and defining objectives to improve her position. In spite of the fact that I consider the competitor was unaffected by her uneasiness levels, if the bearing part of psychological and physical tension can be made facilitative, it might beneficially affect execution. To do this there are various procedures that sports analysts can use to control a people judgment of a serious circumstance, including self talk and symbolism. A steady finding across considers is that sport entertainers have a more grounded inclination for issue centered procedures for defeating tension, and view of intellectual uneasiness as debilitative are related with social separation and venting of feelings (Ntoumanis and Biddle, 2000). Self talk can be utilized to help uneasiness reactions, for example, self-question. This can be sure, being able to win, or negative, not having the option to lose. Self-talk can assist with expanding focus on the job needing to be done. Symbolism can be utilized to develop fearlessness and conquer nerves. It includes mental envisioning an ideal presentation or recollecting a past exhibition that the competitor might want to rehash. It very well may be utilized with mental practice, arranging the occasions and strategies of the occasion or on account of the long distance runner, the race. She had positive musings during the race, however on the off chance that these can start before the race, at that point her beginning may improve, as the weight and stress might be calmed.

How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication

How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication Depression Treatment Medication Print How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication What to Know to Avoid Discontinuation Syndrome By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids SDI Productions / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Discontinuation Syndrome Recurrence of Symptoms Before You Taper Guidelines Managing Symptoms View All If youve been taking an antidepressant, you may heard that many people have symptoms when they stop their medications. What do you need to know before discontinuing your antidepressant? Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome About 20% of patients who have taken an antidepressant for at least six weeks will develop what is known as discontinuation syndrome if they abruptly stop taking their antidepressant.?? Discontinuation syndrome may include symptoms such as: FatigueNauseaMuscle painInsomniaAnxietyAgitationDizzinessBlurred visionIrritabilityTingling sensationsVivid dreamsSweatingElectric shock sensations Some people describe these symptoms as being similar to a flu infection. The severity of these symptoms can vary significantly. Some people have few or no symptoms when they stop their drug, whereas others may find these symptoms extremely uncomfortable. Because discontinuation syndrome is unpleasant and may interfere with daily functioning, it is wise to gradually taper off your antidepressant rather than stopping cold turkey. Tapering off can help to reduce or even eliminate these symptoms. Discontinuation vs. Recurrence of Disorder Symptoms Its important for people to realize that symptoms related to the discontinuation of antidepressants can be very similar to the symptoms that prompted you to take an antidepressant in the first place. Some people are frightened that their depression or anxiety is returning full force, when actually what they are experiencing is a discontinuation syndrome that will resolve by itself in time. Timing can help you understand the difference. If depression or anxiety recurs after stopping an antidepressant it is often a gradual process that slowly worsens over time. In contrast, symptoms related to antidepressant withdrawal often occur very soon (within a day or so for some drugs) and slowly improve over time.?? Before You Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication While you may have arrived at this article hoping to find instructions for tapering off on your own, you should always consult with your doctor before you stop taking your antidepressant. First and foremost it is important to determine if you have achieved your therapeutic goals, which are to achieve complete relief from depression symptoms and to restore you to normal functioning. These goals are important because research shows that patients in full remission are less likely to experience future episodes of depression; and, if they do experience an episode, it may take longer for it to develop.?? If your goal in stopping your antidepressant is to avoid side effects of your medication, your doctor may be able to help you find other ways to combat these side effects without stopping treatment. Finally, your doctor can provide you with the benefit of his knowledge and expertise in selecting the best plan for tapering off. Tips to Reduce Antidepressant Discontinuation Symptoms Guidelines for Tapering Off Antidepressants Because there are no clearly established procedures for tapering off individual antidepressants, your doctor will use their clinical judgment to consider several factorsâ€"such as the dose you are taking, how long you have been taking the medication, and the half-life of the drugâ€"to decide what schedule you should follow in tapering off your medication. In addition, your doctor may modify the plan, depending on how you respond. Keep in mind that your tapering schedule is subject to change, and your doctor may recommend either weaning more rapidly or more slowly depending on your symptoms. Some medications may not require tapering. Whether or not you will need to taper your medication depends on the medications half-life. The half-life of a drug refers to the time at which half of the medication is eliminated from your body and half remains. This amount of time can vary tremendously between different drugs. Some antidepressants such as Paxil (paroxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline) have relatively short half-lives. The drug gets out of your system quite rapidly. Others, such as Prozac (fluoxetine), have long half-lives. These medications slowly disappear from your bloodstream over time and, in a sense, wean themselves.?? General Tapering Guidelines There are some general guidelines for tapering off an antidepressant medication, which include the following:Discuss changes with your doctor before starting the tapering process.Taper off the medication gradually; this means taking smaller and smaller doses of the medication over time.It may be possible to discontinue a medication more quickly if the dose was low to begin with.Discontinuation may take longer if the patient has been on the drug for an extended period of time.It may be possible to stop Prozac (fluoxetine) without tapering, due to its relatively long half-life. What If I Still Have Symptoms While Tapering Off? Even with a gradual taper, it is possible that you will still experience discontinuation symptoms. In this case, your doctor may have you resume your medication and taper off more slowly. Another option is the administration of drugs to alleviate individual symptoms, such as a benzodiazepine like Valium (diazepam) or Librium (chlordiazepoxide) for anxiety, or a motion sickness drug like Bonine (meclizine) or Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) for dizziness. A Word From Verywell Its important to remember that everyone is different when it comes to weaning off antidepressants. Some people are able to stop their antidepressantâ€"even those with a short halfâ€"relatively quickly without any significant symptoms. Others may have more bothersome symptoms, and require the drug to be tapered slowly, over a period of weeks or even months. If you are frustrated that you need to taper slowly, look back at where you came from. If you have worked your way through depression or anxiety and achieved your goal of complete relief, commend yourself on your progress. Be patient and easy on yourself and celebrate how far you have come. The vast majority of people are able to wean themselves off of these drugs in a matter of time. How to Stop Taking SSRI Antidepressants Safely

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Mandatory Military Conscription and Its Effect on Society...

In todays society the war in the Middle East can be considered a controversial topic. The men and women in Iraq and Afghanistan put their lives on the line every day to help keep our country free. No one has forced them to serve in the United States Armed Forces they have made their own conscience decision to serve. However these men and women only make up a small percentage of the United States population. Should all men and women be required to serve in the U.S. armed forces when they graduate from high school or should the United States require mandatory military service? Mandatory military service, or conscription, may be as old as mankind itself. Conscription says that during a time of war all able bodied men and women must†¦show more content†¦During World War I about three fourths of the 3.5 million unit armed forces came from conscription. During this time period many people felt that conscription was unconstitutional. However the United States Supreme court upheld the constitutionality of the draft by stating that Article I of the constitution gives Congress the power to â€Å"raise and support Armies†. In the year 1940 after the fall of France in World War II the United States Congress enacted a peace time draft. If drafted during this time period conscripts were only required to serve one year. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor however congress Smith 3 extended the length of the draft and expanded the draft to me aged 18 to 38. Approximately ten million men were drafted through the Selective Service System as a result. Throughout the Cold War the draft helped to maintain the numbers of the U.S. armed forces. The Selective Service System drafted 1.5 million men during the Korean War. During the Vietnam War, draftees were a minority of the United States armed forces. However they accounted for over half of Army battle deaths. At the time of the Vietnam War many people were against the draft and the war itself. This meant that there were many protests against the draft. Eventually President Nixon reduced the number of draftees and gradually recalled troops from Vietnam. The draft officially ended in1973. There are two very obvious sides to conscription. They are thoseShow MoreRelatedMilitary Should Be Mandatory Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesIn current times, roughly 99.5% of American citizens don’t serve in th e military in their lifetime. But is something that needs to be changed by force? Some people could argue that service in the United States military should be mandatory for everyone–in reality, though, that is an impossible and overall disastrous idea. Military service is something that only some people can do–not all people can deal with the lasting effects of war, including many mental illnesses and Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderRead MoreMandatory Military Service in South Korea1191 Words   |  5 Pagesforces of a country is referred to as the military. This day and age, the military is a huge aspect of many and almost all of the 196 countries today. The military, composed of men and women, are contributing to defending, protecting, and keeping the country functioning. In some cases, where there are not enough volunteers for the military or a threat nearby, a mandatory service is implemented. This means that certain citizens of such country must serve the military for a certain length of time and commitRead MoreShould Military Service Be Mandatory?1426 Words   |  6 PagesShould Military Service be Mandatory in the United States? 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In Canada, for example, during the war the government faced great challenges such as the conscription crisis when the Country was divided by politics. InRead MoreThe Art of War by Sun Tzu Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagesnationwide contagion continues to develop, the result will be a country unable to sustain, govern, or defend itself. The solution is evident: military service. Mandatory military service in the United States for individuals 18 years of age for a period of two years would have numerous benefits, as well as alleviate many problems facing America. Compulsory military service gives a second chance to high school dropouts. StatisticBrain.com reports that 90% of jobs in the States are not available to dropoutsRead MoreMandatory Military Service in the United States Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesMandatory Military Service in the United States The idea that members of a community have the duty to defend it, is as old as civilization itself (Ruschmann 10). 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Military Draft History1449 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 3, 1863. The Northern 1862 draft was an attempt to let states handle their own conscriptions, instead of the old volunteer militia. The next draft took place on September 16, 1940 for World War I and remained in effect continuously until 1973. The president, Woodrow Wilson, decided that â€Å"A draft was needed and nearly 3,000,000 soldiers were drafted following the Service Act of 1917.† (Understanding the U.S. Military Draft History 1). The reasoning behind President Wilson calling for the draft isRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1475 Words   |  6 Pagesentered the conflict under the claim â€Å"that it was defending South Vietnam against aggression from the North† (Anderson and Bourassa). It wasn’t until 1961 that the United States formed an official treaty with South Vietnam, agreeing to provide â€Å"provide military and eco nomic assistance† (Badertscher and Goodwin) and would later sponsor a coup in 1963 that would result in the assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem, the first president of South Vietnam. The reason behind American involvement in Vietnam was not entirelyRead MoreCompulsory Public Service Requirement? Essay example2345 Words   |  10 Pagesutilized a compulsory military and/or public service obligation, the United States of America has maintained the notion that one should feel called / led to serve. Outside of the Selected Service, the U.S. has maintained an All-Volunteer Force. With the continued pressures from the decade long war(s) one could argue that the United States adopts a compulsory public service obligation. History of the United States Selective Service System (SSS) The draft first came into effect during the Civil War

For this assignment I intend to look at the issue of Racism, why it persists and what should be done about it Free Essays

string(102) " not being utilised to the best of its advantage or for the people to whom it is supposed to protect\." For this assignment I intend to look at the issue of Racism, why it persists and what should be done about it. I shall also look at the links between slavery and those of the asylum seekers living in Britain. I intend also to try and give a brief explanation of the racism and discrimination in the Chhoka case. We will write a custom essay sample on For this assignment I intend to look at the issue of Racism, why it persists and what should be done about it or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many different definitions of racism, all of them having one thing in common. Racism is the belief that someone is either inferior or superior regarding race, colour, and religion. Racism is â€Å"The belief in the inherent superiority of one race over all others and thereby the right to dominance†. The first place that most people associate with racist language is the home or the playground. For some parents, its not unheard of to â€Å"go to the Paki shop†, or â€Å"the Chinkies†, so our children are being schooled in the art of racist language from an early age. The media is the next most powerful weapon. We open our papers daily and read about muggings, killings mostly to do with black youths, but when a white youth is mugged or murdered or intimidated, it will make front page for sensationalism, again fuelling people’s hatred or misgivings. We can associate the use of language as being racist, for example anything black is understood to be evil or bad whereas white is the epitome of everything good and pure. Goodness will always triumph over bad. We can place certain people into 2 categories, those who are the targets and those who are the agents. By doing this it is easier to gain an insight into how some establishments or communities work. Targets: Are individuals or groups of people who are victimised by other individuals, groups of people, institutions, educational establishments, the lawmakers of the land plus the people entrusted to carry out and implement these laws. These people are the oppressed. Asylum seekers are perfect targets for any agent group. Even within this group, there can be agents who prey on the weakest of the group. Agents: These are the dominant social groups, people who would never describe themselves as dominant over another human being. They have a superior attitude, which sets them apart from sometimes even others in the same agent group. Agents are the groups or individuals of people who perpetrate acts of physical, verbal abuse towards others, but do not get their hands dirty in the physical sense of the word. They are instigators and normally to be found in high positions where their ideals are carried through on the pretext of professionalism. Targets can be found in the playground, in the media, in educational establishments, in high society and any other walk of life. These people are known as the oppressors. They blame the targets for any misfortune inflicted upon themselves. As before, there can be targets included in this group, as well as other agents as power is their ultimate weapon or tool. Slavery was at its most popular during the late fifteenth century. From the 1640’s a period of free trade opened up and Britain was one of the countries who exploited this to their advantage. Slave trading opened up new markets for British and European goods in Africa. Sugar, coffee and cotton were common commodities now. By the middle of the eighteenth century, British ships were carrying approximately 50,000 slaves a year. Royal Navy sailors complained of smelling the stench from the slave ships as they crossed from Africa across the Atlantic. It was with great delight to some and great sorrow to others when this trade was outlawed in 1807. Most British towns and cities were built on the labours and exploitation of the slave trade. The vast profits from American plantations were ploughed into cities such as Glasgow and Bristol and to anyone who suggested that â€Å"they don’t need to be here, they can go back to their own countries†, then we must ask them, who forced these people over here in the first place. We, the British people did. According to the Geneva Convention the term â€Å"refugee† applies to anyone who: â€Å"owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country†. Asylum seekers did not choose to leave their own homes and countries, but were forced too. They left behind their families and their homelands due to war, oppression, violence and hate. They escaped fascist regimes, and the daily threat of hunger, oppression and death. Britain is the land of the unskilled, under-educated, socially excluded, yet many of the refugees are professionals in medicine, health, education and yet some see them as being scroungers of the state. Asylum seekers are discriminated as soon as they set foot in Britain. They are issued with sub-standard housing, in tower blocks full of dampness and repairs which will never be done, they are not allowed to work or offer their expertise and are sometimes trapped in their own homes for fear of their emotional and physical wellbeing. These people did not leave their own countries to become scapegoats for a society that pretends it cares. They are issued with food vouchers which is humiliating and degrading and are once again, under threat of a regime that they do not necessarily understand. Problems surrounding the recent events concerning the refugees are not helped by the fact that there has been no educational programme to teach young people and others in the community about the refugees backgrounds, no local support for the existing members of the community and a distinctly second rate police service, which is not being utilised to the best of its advantage or for the people to whom it is supposed to protect. You read "For this assignment I intend to look at the issue of Racism, why it persists and what should be done about it" in category "Papers" There are four key elements in place to support and reinforce each other. Sometimes these processes can be in force one at a time, but in the Chhoka case the four levels were present: Structural: Combining physical, legal and political structures such as the law, the government and all political processes. Cultural: The assumptions and norms of a shared society that bind individuals and institutions together and also their behaviours. Institutional: Educational establishments, the police force, government departments, businesses, the health system and the welfare system. Personal: Attitudes and beliefs of individuals and their behaviour towards others, either directly or indirectly. The case of Surjit Singh Chhokar, a 32 year old waiter who was stabbed to death has highlighted the flaws and faults in our so called civilised society. No one has ever been convicted of Surjit’s murder although it has taken over three years and two murder trials involving three men. The Chhokar case has shown how structural, cultural, institutional and personal racism all become linked. There were no interpreters available for the Chhokar family which was the first step in the cultural discrimination. This was a heartbroken family grieving at the loss of a son, a brother and who wanted answers. They trusted the police, the government, only wanting answers and no one even explained to them why the accused walked away free. They were treated inhumanely again when lawyers corresponded with them in English without translations or an interpreter available. When the news first broke, the murder only warranted a five line statement in the Evening Times, but when it became clear that there was more to the story, there was a sudden media frenzy Elements of institutional racism were found in the procedures of the police and the procurator fiscals offices. Police immediately ruled out a racial motive and the case would probably have been filed away and closed had it not been for Lord McCluskey, Scotland’s most senior judge. He questioned the Crown’s decision to accuse only one man of murder when it was obvious that there were another two involved. Lord Hardie, the then Lord Advocate said,†from the preliminary report given to me, I am satisfied the action taken in this case was the most appropriate in the circumstances†. Lord Hardie obviously did not realise the impact that this case would have on the whole judiciary system and the questions that would be raised. The key findings from the report were † The Crown Office quality and practice review unit should be reinforced and reconstituted as a formal inspectorate of the Crown Office and Procurator fiscal Service. The inspectorate should conduct a thematic review of the service’s response on race matters within two to three years. The police should make it their priority to translate policies into practical instructions for officers. HM Inspectorate of Constabulary should make it an early priority to conduct a thematic inspection of family liaison. More systematic communication, co-operation and exchange of ideas between the Crown Office and the police at the most senior levels.† The family’s lawyer also faced criticism when he took on the dual role of interpreter and public campaign organiser. The judiciary system made a mockery of our so called justice courts, but hopefully lessons have been learned, sad though it is that an innocent family had to suffer before this level of racism and discrimination was dragged into the forefront of every household. Hopefully the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 will â€Å"shake up† what authorities need to be, in order for trust and respect to be shown and given by the people for whom their services are intended. The main purposes of this Act are to extend further the Race Relations Act 1976 in relation to public authorities; to make chief officers of police vicariously liable for acts of racial discrimination by police officers; and to amend the exemption under the Act for acts done for the purposed of safeguarding national security thus remedying a European Convention on Human Rights incompatibility in that legislation. The primary school that my youngest child attended has a anti-racism attitude (not in an official capacity) and they do their best to highlight every child’s culture, race, religion and involve the other children in a way that is enjoyable and educational. Parents are also invited to any concerts put on by the children and are asked to be involved in any specific food days, in which a group of children bring in their national food or sweet, letting again, the other children share in a culture which they would otherwise never have the experience of. It was with outrage one day when all parents were given letters by the local council stating that this practice would stop, as it was encouraging children outwith the school area to participate in bullying the small minority of ethnic children. Parents quickly sprang into action and with the support of parents of all nationalities, the local counsellor and a cover story by the local newspaper that our children were again allowed to enjoy the sharing and learning about each others culture, but it was shameful that children of that age were witness to the powers that be in the education system who would have stopped which is a learning experience in a close and safe environment, where hatred and name calling is not allowed and all the children are equal. This is only a small school with 160 children, but if they can succeed in an area where poverty, high unemployment, drugs and crime are linked then we should all take lessons from these teachers and children. My conclusion is that each of these events starting from the slave trade and the exploitation of the slaves by the British has paved the way for the terrible way in which we as a society treat the refugees, or asylum seekers. Until there is an educational system in place starting from nursery schools and ending in nursing homes, we will never be able to eradicate racism or discrimination. We need to challenge government, the school system, the law makers and decide on a curriculum which will enable our young people, the next generation, to grow without hate or prejudice and to pass their skills and knowledge onto the next. We need to see and accept that the asylum seekers are bringing with them a wealth of culture, expertise and experience and together we can all learn and enjoy each other as a multi-cultural society. How to cite For this assignment I intend to look at the issue of Racism, why it persists and what should be done about it, Papers

Role Of Imports And Exports In California an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Role Of Imports And Exports In California The Columbian biological revolution has turned the ancient world, which lasted for centuries, upside down in the late 1490s and resulted in globalization 500 years later. The imports and exports of species, domestic animals, crops and cattle have established a long-term interrelationship between the Old and the New World. Yet, the imperialistic East, with its nationalistic, economic and religious motives, could not ever dream about the New World as the greatest threat for its economy, as the #1 importer and exporter of goods and services and the most developed country in the world. Today, the Californias and the U.S. economy as a whole has the most prominent, developed and stable position in the global market. The largest role in the Californias economy plays the foreign trade and grace to its ports the key factor in export/import rate the state had and still has the largest state product (GSP) level among the states. Need essay sample on "Role Of Imports And Exports In California" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Very Often Tell Us: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friends Essay writers suggest: Essay Help Provided Here With Beneficial Facilities! Buy Essays Cheap Best Essay Writing Service Review Essay Writing Services Essay Writing The Unites States created favorable conditions for free trade and economic growth in every state. The agreements with Canada, Mexico that in future resulted in the North American Free Trade Agreement, state assistance laws, mutual trade relations with foreign markets paved the way for states economic development. Yet, California have turned out to be the leader among the states and the major exporter in high-tech and agricultural sector to 224 foreign markets. By virtue of California ports that are located in three districts Los Angeles-Long Beach, Oakland-San Francisco and San Diego: Japan, the former IT competitor and manufacturer, plays the role of vendor and distributor through logistics channels today; California exports 70 percent of manufactured computers, electronics, aircraft and instruments to its key export markets: Japan, Canada, South Korea, China and Mexico; Eighteen states import goods from Asia; Agricultural exports amount more than $8 billion; 1 million of Californians have high-paid job related to trade and export, which makes California the first state in total high tech industrys employment, the most populous state (36 million residents) with the largest labor force; California gets the largest amount of Foreign Direct Investment. It is not a final list of ports advantages; nevertheless, it gives a clear picture of their importance and influence of imports and exports in California that account one-fourth of the states economy, for they solve entry to and exit from the state issues, connecting the state to foreign destinations. Thus, as it was noted by the Californias Chamber of Commerce, California is one of the 10 largest economies in the world (6th place) with a gross state product of over $1.5 trillion (comparing to total Midwest GSP level of $ $2.2 trillion) (Trade Statistics, 2007). Foreign trade have expanded the Californias export role and brought advantage to the rest of the world. Even the decrease in global economic activity was unable to affect the growing role of Californias export/import activity. According to the Trade Statistics, California exports amounted to over $127 billion (or 12 percent) out of the U.S. $1-trillion exports in 2006. As the top-rated U.S. exporter, California has gained a privilege to get the most of foreign direct investments. In 2003, foreign investment (from the UK, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, France) in California was responsible for 4.5 percent of the states total private-industry employment [hence] foreign-controlled companies employed 561,000 workers [] the most of any state (Ibid). Advantageous climate plays the crucial role in agricultural sector and makes up the Golden State the top 10 exporter of products. In 2005 European Union, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China, South Korea, Taiwan, India, Australia, Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates and Philippines imported agricultural products of a total export value of almost $10 billion (California: Agricultural Exports, 2006). Almonds, cotton, wine, milk and cream, table grapes, orange, rice, tomatoes, raisins, walnuts and 40 other principal products of high quality were exported to 150 countries last year. The statistical data show that in 1999, only 16 percent of local production was being shipped to foreign markets, whereas in 2005 this figure was 22 percent (Ibid). And again we see that the core factor were Californias ports. During the past 3 years, the Californias export value had been increasing, disregarding the drops in wheat, cottonseed oil, kiwi, figs, grapefruit, and avocadoes exports by 25 percent and more. As it is, top 10 principal products export value increased by 19 percent, along with 50 commodities increase by 15 percent, the almond crop showed a 34 percent increase in export value in 2005 (Ibid). So, the globalization, industrialization and IT development have not only enlightened different cultures and civilizations, but also made up benefits in agriculture have eased the production process, decreased transportation costs and scope, provided a wide range of markets and, therefore, increased profit margin, farms success and future development. The globalization effect and global competition had directly and indirectly sky-rocketed the Californias import of tourism, motion picture production, computer software and hardware, data processing, electronic equipment, textiles and other services. But, foreign trade and economic development has both negative and positive impacts: Positive jobs supply, high-paid work, business revenues, free foreign trade for reliable enterprises, market expansion. Negative decrease production rate at domestic level of other countries, leave no space for blue-collars and technicians, reduce private firms revenue and employment, imported goods and services may cause competition on the states local level, Foreign Investment may use this weapon to compete the U.S. market and economy. As the fifth largest global consumer of energy, California imports 87 percent of its natural gas, 10 percent of ethanol, and almost 30 percent of crude oil, for the west coast terminal is unable to supply the amount needed to cover the Californias 2 percent of global consumption of natural gas, Californias crude oil production is declining The U.S. and Canadian sources will be depleted sooner or later, while the demand is still growing on and its long-term balance of supply/demand seems to be negative. While the rest of the world is enjoying the high tech and agricultural products that are exported from the state, California is forced to import natural resources. The major issues that may reduce/increase the amount of foreign trade that goes through California are as follows: Global level of supply and demand; Domestic manufacturing/production; Currency exchange rate; Price, quality and quantity of products; Free trade agreements; Foreign and domestic competition. Surely, none of the countries is protected from the disasters, epidemics, communication and IT gap, industrial and economic regress; but, the United States and California particularly have gained the reputation of economy that will remain competitive, disregarding terrorist actions, inflation, growing demand and decreasing supply of natural resources, and disasters. Californians are the part of the nation that stands firms in the face of hardships, takes the burden of other nations upon its shoulders and keeps fighting for the leading position on the global market in all spheres. Works Cited: Agricultural Export Data for California. California: Agricultural Exports. California Department of Food and Agriculture. 2006. 6 June, 2007. All about International Trade. Trade Statistics. California Chamber of Commerce. 2007. Kroll, C., Jaffee, D., Bardhan, A., Kirschenbaum, J., Howe, D. Foreign Trade and Californias Economic Growth. California Policy Seminar. Brief Series. June 1998. 6 June, 2007.